fix: blockhash mismatch

[jonastheis]

1. Purpose or design rationale of this PR

This PR fixes the problem of mismatching block hashes due to the missing header fields difficulty and extraData in DA. It should be reviewed in conjunction with #903, which provides a way to prepare this missing data and describes the format in more detail.

Specifically, this PR implements a missing header fields manager that:

• lazily downloads the missing header data if not present
• verifies SHA256 checksum of the missing header fields data with hardcoded checksum that is part of the chain config
• provides functionality to read the missing header fields when syncing from DA

Tested on mainnet:

inserted block with hash 0xd229dc5edaebccff15987f42bb5c23060b3f0372251e19e843f1bb69742bfab1 blockchain height=64500

https://scrollscan.com/block/64500: 0xd229dc5edaebccff15987f42bb5c23060b3f0372251e19e843f1bb69742bfab1

2. PR title

Your PR title must follow conventional commits (as we are doing squash merge for each PR), so it must start with one of the following types:

• build: Changes that affect the build system or external dependencies (example scopes: yarn, eslint, typescript)
• ci: Changes to our CI configuration files and scripts (example scopes: vercel, github, cypress)
• docs: Documentation-only changes
• feat: A new feature
• fix: A bug fix
• perf: A code change that improves performance
• refactor: A code change that doesn't fix a bug, or add a feature, or improves performance
• style: Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code (white-space, formatting, missing semi-colons, etc)
• test: Adding missing tests or correcting existing tests

3. Deployment tag versioning

Has the version in params/version.go been updated?

• This PR doesn't involve a new deployment, git tag, docker image tag, and it doesn't affect traces
• Yes

4. Breaking change label

Does this PR have the breaking-change label?

• This PR is not a breaking change
• Yes

[semgrep-app]

Risk: Affected versions of golang.org/x/net, golang.org/x/net/http2, and net/http are vulnerable to Uncontrolled Resource Consumption. An attacker may cause an HTTP/2 endpoint to read arbitrary amounts of header data by sending an excessive number of CONTINUATION frames.

Fix: Upgrade this library to at least version 0.23.0 at go-ethereum/go.mod:103.

Reference(s): GHSA-4v7x-pqxf-cx7m, CVE-2023-45288

_{Ignore this finding from ssc-46663897-ab0c-04dc-126b-07fe2ce42fb2.}