Merge pull request #585 from Omoaholo/patch-14

Update 4-1-identity-and-personhood.md

contents/english/4-1-identity-and-personhood.md

@@ -193,17 +193,18 @@ The key question that then remains is whether the process of such ⿻ and social
 As we noted above, almost everything relevant about us is known by others and is typically just as much about them as us.  None of us feels this bare fact as an infringement on privacy.  In fact, erasing the memory of our first kiss from the mind of the partner to that kiss would be just as much a violation of privacy as would one of us sharing that information inappropriately. What we are after, therefore, is not well-described by the term "privacy".  It is about information remaining in the social setting for which it was intended, what scholar Helen Nissenbaum calls "contextual integrity". In fact, it requires a certain kind of publicity: if information is not shared and understood by those for whom it is intended this can be as damaging as if information is overshared. Given that these are inherently social settings, furthermore, they are not primarily about the  individual choice or protection, but rather the protection of groups of people against violations of their collective norms about information.  In short, the central problems are about another fundamental right: the freedom of association.  In essence, systems supporting and implementing the right of personhood must simultaneously bolster the freedom of association and the dual challenge of establishing and protecting associations parallels those in the identity context. 
 
 
-[^SSNHistory]: References 1) History of the Social Security Number System as described by the [Social Security Administration](https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v69n2/v69n2p55.html). 2) [Opening Pandora’s box : the social security number from 1937-2018](https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/66022) by Meiser, Kenneth Donaldson, UT Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 
-[^RightsOfCitizens]: See Records, [Computers, and the Rights of Citizens](https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/papers/2008/P5077.pdf), 1973, Rand Corporation. 
-[^SSNUsageRestrictions]: See 1) [Social Security Numbers: Private Sector Entities Routinely Obtain and Use SSNs, and Laws Limit the Disclosure of This Information](https://epic.org/wp-content/uploads/privacy/ssn/gao-04-11.pdf) by the GAO Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Social Security, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. 2) [Social Security Number: Federal and State Laws Restrict Use of SSNs, yet Gaps Remain](https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-05-1016t.pdf), GAO Testimony Before the Committee on Consumer Affairs and Protection and Committee on Governmental Operations, New York State Assembly 
-[^SSNAlternatives]: News Release: [DHS Awards $193K for a Standards Based Approach to an Alternative Identifier to the Social Security Number](https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2020/10/09/news-release-dhs-awards-alternative-identifier-social-security-number)
-[^Altman]: https://www.reuters.com/technology/worldcoin-aims-set-up-global-id-network-akin-indias-aadhaar-2023-11-02/
-[^LawsOfIdentities]: Kim Cameron's [Laws of Identities](https://www.identityblog.com/?p=1065) (blog post, August 2009)
-[^MOSIP]: (https://docs.mosip.io/inji/overview)https://docs.mosip.io/inji/overview
-[^wallet]: https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/
-[^pilots]: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-digital-identity-4-projects-launched-test-eudi-wallet
-[^bhutan]: https://restofworld.org/2023/south-asia-newsletter-bhutan-national-digital-id/
-[^icard]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_card
-[^CS]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_CardSpace
-[^DID]: https://www.w3.org/TR/did-core/
-[^AnonAadhaar]: https://mirror.xyz/privacy-scaling-explorations.eth/YnqHAxpjoWl4e_K2opKPN4OAy5EU4sIJYYYHFCjkNOE
+[^SSNHistory]: See Carolyn Puckett, “The Story of the Social Security Number,” Social Security Administration, July 2009. https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v69n2/v69n2p55.html.). See also Kenneth Meiser, “Opening Pandora’s Box: The Social Security Number from 1937-2018,” UT Electronic Theses and Dissertations, June 19, 2018, http://hdl.handle.net/2152/66022.
+[^RightsOfCitizens]: Willis Hare, “Records, Computers and the Rights of Citizens,” https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/papers/2008/P5077.pdf, Rand Corporation, August 1973.
+[^SSNUsageRestrictions]: See “Social Security Numbers: Private Sector Entities Routinely Obtain and Use SSNs, and Laws Limit the Disclosure of This Information.” United States General Accounting Office, 2004. https://epic.org/wp-content/uploads/privacy/ssn/gao-04-11.pdf (GAO Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee 
+on Social Security, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives). See also Barbara Bovbjerg, “Social Security Numbers: Federal and State Laws Restrict Use of SSNs, yet Gaps Remain,” United States General Accounting Office, 2005,  https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-05-1016t.pdf (GAO Testimony Before the Committee on Consumer Affairs and Protection and Committee on Governmental Operations, New York State Assembly.) 
+[^SSNAlternatives]: “News Release: DHS Awards for an Alternative Identifier to the Social Security Number,” US Department of Homeland Security, October 9, 2020, https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2020/10/09/news-release-dhs-awards-alternative-identifier-social-security-number.
+[^Altman]: Elizabeth Howcroft, and Martin Coulter, “Worldcoin Aims to Set up Global ID Network Akin to India’s Aadhaar,” _Reuters_, November 2, 2023, https://www.reuters.com/technology/worldcoin-aims-set-up-global-id-network-akin-indias-aadhaar-2023-11-02/.
+[^LawsOfIdentities]: Kim Cameron, “7 Laws of Identity,” _Kim Cameron’s Identity Weblog_, August 20, 2009, https://www.identityblog.com/?p=1065.
+[^MOSIP]: “Overview,” MOSIP, 2021, https://docs.mosip.io/1.2.0/overview.
+[^wallet]: “European Digital Identity,” GitHub, n.d., https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/.
+[^pilots]: “EU Digital Identity: 4 Projects Launched to Test EUDI Wallet,” European Commission, May 23, 2023, https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-digital-identity-4-projects-launched-test-eudi-wallet.
+[^bhutan]: Durga Sengupta, “Guess Who’s Getting the World’s First Self-Sovereign National Digital ID?” _Rest of World_, September 6, 2023, https://restofworld.org/2023/south-asia-newsletter-bhutan-national-digital-id/.
+[^icard]: Wikipedia, “Information Card,” January 25, 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_card.
+[^CS]: Wikipedia, “Windows CardSpace,” December 14, 2023, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_CardSpace.
+[^DID]: “Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) V1.0,” W3C, July 19, 2022, https://www.w3.org/TR/did-core/.
+[^AnonAadhaar]: “Advancing Anon Aadhaar: What’s New in V1.0.0,” Mirror, February 14, 2024, https://mirror.xyz/privacy-scaling-explorations.eth/YnqHAxpjoWl4e_K2opKPN4OAy5EU4sIJYYYHFCjkNOE.