Merge pull request #651 from Omoaholo/patch-31

Update 6-1-workplace.md

contents/english/6-1-workplace.md

@@ -83,20 +83,20 @@ Putting these together, we can imagine a future where remote teams can form the
 
 
 [^Calc]: If, as noted in the chapter, about 50% of formal sector work will be remote and, as in this study, if team-building exercises increase team performance by about 25% (Klein et al., “Does Team Building Work?”[^team]), if this applies to about half of formal sector work and if about half the benefit goes into cost, we should expect a gain of about 2% of GDP from improved remote team-building.  If agglomeration benefits are about 12% for work facilities (Greenstone, Hornbeck, and Moretti, “Identifying Agglomeration Spillovers: Evidence from Winners and Losers of Large Plant Openings.”[^agglomeration]) and this applies again to half of formal sector work and can be improved by 50%, again we get 2% of GDP.  If meetings are 25% of formal sector work time and can be improved by 25%, this is about 4% of GDP. Standard economic estimates of the costs of labor search and matching are about 4% of GPD, similar to the cost spent on human resources; if mitigated by 50% this would raise GDP by 2% (not to mention significantly dampen the cost of business cycle unemployment).  Finally, most GDP growth (of roughly 2-3% annually globally) has been traced by economists to technological advance through the research and development of new products, which is now about 80% in the private sector according to the figures we discussed in the introduction.  If the efficiency of this could be increased by a quarter through more flexible intrapreneurship, this could raise global GDP growth annually by half a percent.
-[^team]: Klein, Cameron, Deborah DiazGranados, Eduardo Salas, Huy Le, C. Shawn Burke, Rebecca Lyons, and Gerald F. Goodwin. “Does Team Building Work?” Small Group Research 40, no. 2 (January 16, 2009): 181–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496408328821.
-[^agglomeration]:Greenstone, Michael, Richard Hornbeck, and Enrico Moretti. “Identifying Agglomeration Spillovers: Evidence from Winners and Losers of Large Plant Openings.” Journal of Political Economy 118, no. 3 (June 2010): 536–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/653714.“Identifying Agglomeration Spillovers: Evidence from Winners and Losers of Large Plant Openings.” Journal of Political Economy 118, no. 3 (June 2010): 536–98.
-[^Coinbase]: Huet, Ellen. “Basecamp Follows Coinbase In Banning Politics Talk at Work.” Bloomberg.com, April 26, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-26/basecamp-follows-coinbase-in-banning-politics-talk-at-work.
-Huet, Ellen. “Basecamp Follows Coinbase In Banning Politics Talk at Work.” Bloomberg.com, April 26, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-26/basecamp-follows-coinbase-in-banning-politics-talk-at-work.
-[^Barreto]: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. 2023. “The Evolution of Working from Home.” Working Paper No. 23-19, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), Stanford, CA. https://siepr.stanford.edu/publications/working-paper/evolution-working-home.
-[^reduce-productivity]: Emanuel, Natalia, Emma Harrington, and Amanda Pallais. “The Power of Proximity to Coworkers: Training for Tomorrow or Productivity Today?,” November 2023. https://doi.org/10.3386/w31880.
-[^Meetings]: Gibbs, Michael, Friederike Mengel, and Christoph Siemroth. “Work from Home and Productivity: Evidence from Personnel and Analytics Data on Information Technology Professionals.” Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 7–41. https://doi.org/10.1086/721803.
-[^remote-shift-impact]: Yang, Longqi, David Holtz, Sonia Jaffe, Siddharth Suri, Shilpi Sinha, Jeffrey Weston, Connor Joyce, et al. “The Effects of Remote Work on Collaboration among Information Workers.” Nature Human Behaviour 6, no. 1 (September 9, 2021): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01196-4.
-[^meeting-stats]: Krueger, Alyson. “Fewer Work Meetings? Corporate America Is Trying.” The New York Times, April 10, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/07/business/office-meetings-time.html.
-[^meeting-stats2]: Brooks, Arthur C. “Why Meetings Are Terrible for Happiness.” The Atlantic, December 15, 2022. https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2022/11/why-meetings-are-terrible-happiness/672144/.
+[^team]: Cameron Klein, Deborah DiazGranados, Eduardo Salas, Huy Le, Shawn Burke, Rebecca Lyons, and Gerald Goodwin, “Does Team Building Work?” _Small Group Research_ 40, no. 2 (January 16, 2009): 181–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496408328821.
+[^agglomeration]: Michael Greenstone, Richard Hornbeck, and Enrico Moretti, “Identifying Agglomeration Spillovers: Evidence from Winners and Losers of Large Plant Openings,” _Journal of Political Economy_ 118, no. 3 (June 2010): 536–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/653714.
+[^Coinbase]: Ellen Huet, “Basecamp Follows Coinbase In Banning Politics Talk at Work,” _Bloomberg_, April 26, 2021, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-26/basecamp-follows-coinbase-in-banning-politics-talk-at-work.
+Ibid.
+[^Barreto]: Jose Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. 2023, “The Evolution of Working from Home,” __Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) Working Paper_ no. 23-19 (July 2023): https://siepr.stanford.edu/publications/working-paper/evolution-working-home.
+[^reduce-productivity]: Natalia Emanuel, Emma Harrington, and Amanda Pallais, “The Power of Proximity to Coworkers: Training for Tomorrow or Productivity Today?” _National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper_ no 31880 (November 2023): https://doi.org/10.3386/w31880.
+[^Meetings]: Michael Gibbs, Friederike Mengel, and Christoph Siemroth, “Work from Home and Productivity: Evidence from Personnel and Analytics Data on Information Technology Professionals,” _Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics_ 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 7–41, https://doi.org/10.1086/721803.
+[^remote-shift-impact]: Longqi Yang, David Holtz, Sonia Jaffe, Siddharth Suri, Shilpi Sinha, Jeffrey Weston, Connor Joyce, et al., “The Effects of Remote Work on Collaboration among Information Workers,” _Nature Human Behaviour_ 6, no. 1 (September 9, 2021): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01196-4.
+[^meeting-stats]: Alyson Krueger, “Fewer Work Meetings? Corporate America Is Trying,” _The New York Times_, April 10, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/07/business/office-meetings-time.html.
+[^meeting-stats2]: Arthur Brooks, “Why Meetings Are Terrible for Happiness,” _The Atlantic_, December 15, 2022, https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2022/11/why-meetings-are-terrible-happiness/672144/.
 [^TrustFall]: A "trust fall" is an exercise where a person falls backward, counting on others to catch them. This activity is used to build trust and teamwork, as it requires relying on others to prevent injury. From the mid-2010s, the trust fall became less popular due to the potential for traumatic brain injuries if catchers fail.
-[^GlobalCollab]: Umoren, Rachel, Dora J. Stadler, Stephen L. Gasior, Deema Al-Sheikhly, Barbara Truman, and Carolyn Lowe. “Global Collaboration and Team-Building through 3D Virtual Environments.” Innovations in Global Medical and Health Education 2014, no. 1 (November 1, 2014). https://doi.org/10.5339/igmhe.2014.1.
-[^TeamCreativityInVirtual]: Alahuhta, Pekka, Emma Nordbäck, Anu Sivunen, and Teemu Surakka. “Fostering Team Creativity in Virtual Worlds.” Journal For Virtual Worlds Research 7, no. 3 (July 20, 2014). https://doi.org/10.4101/jvwr.v7i3.7062.
-[^Game4TeamBuilding]: Ellis, Jason B., Kurt Luther, Katherine Bessiere, and Wendy A. Kellogg. “Games for Virtual Team Building.” Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, February 25, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1145/1394445.1394477.
-[^VirtualTeamWork]: Lukosch, Heide, Bas van Nuland, Theo van Ruijven, Linda van Veen, and Alexander Verbraeck. “Building a Virtual World for Team Work Improvement.” Frontiers in Gaming Simulation, 2014, 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04954-0_8.
-[^MRexample]: Lu, Lin, Honglin Wang, Pengran Liu, Rong Liu, Jiayao Zhang, Yi Xie, Songxiang Liu, et al. “Applications of Mixed Reality Technology in Orthopedics Surgery: A Pilot Study.” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 10 (February 22, 2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.740507.
-Lu, Lin, Honglin Wang, Pengran Liu, Rong Liu, Jiayao Zhang, Yi Xie, Songxiang Liu, et al. “Applications of Mixed Reality Technology in Orthopedics Surgery: A Pilot Study.” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 10 (February 22, 2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.740507.
+[^GlobalCollab]: Rachel Umoren, Dora Stadler, Stephen L. Gasior, Deema Al-Sheikhly, Barbara Truman, and Carolyn Lowe, “Global Collaboration and Team-Building through 3D Virtual Environments,” Innovations in Global Medical and Health Education 2014, no. 1 (November 1, 2014), https://doi.org/10.5339/igmhe.2014.1.
+[^TeamCreativityInVirtual]: Pekka Alahuhta, Emma Nordbäck, Anu Sivunen, and Teemu Surakka, “Fostering Team Creativity in Virtual Worlds,” _Journal For Virtual Worlds Research_ 7, no. 3 (July 20, 2014): https://doi.org/10.4101/jvwr.v7i3.7062.
+[^Game4TeamBuilding]: Jason Ellis, Kurt Luther, Katherine Bessiere, and Wendy Kellogg, “Games for Virtual Team Building,” _Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems_ (February 25, 2008): pp 295–304, https://doi.org/10.1145/1394445.1394477.
+[^VirtualTeamWork]: Heide Lukosch, Bas van Nuland, Theo van Ruijven, Linda van Veen, and Alexander Verbraeck, “Building a Virtual World for Team Work Improvement,” _Frontiers in Gaming Simulation_, 2014, 60–68, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04954-0_8.
+[^MRexample]: Lin Lu, Honglin Wang, Pengran Liu, Rong Liu, Jiayao Zhang, Yi Xie, Songxiang Liu, et al., “Applications of Mixed Reality Technology in Orthopedics Surgery: A Pilot Study,” _Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology_ 10 (February 22, 2022): https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.740507.
+Ibid.