week3 homework from Rick

week1/exercises/rspec_spec.rb

@@ -81,6 +81,18 @@
       (1+2-5*6/2).should eq -12
     end
     it "should count the characters in your name" do
+<<<<<<< HEAD
+      "Rick".should have(4).characters
+    end
+
+    it "should check basic math" do
+       (1+1).should eq 2
+    end
+
+    it "should check basic spelling" do
+       "field".should include("ie")
+    end
+=======
       "Tom".should have(3).characters
     end
 
@@ -92,5 +104,6 @@
       "field".should include("ie")
     end
 
+>>>>>>> d15be6bea7f47e9899c2d287761019ffd7532ba0
   end
-end
+end

week1/homework/.rspec

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+--color
+--format documentation

week1/homework/questions.txt

@@ -1,15 +1,40 @@
-Please read: 
-Chapter 3 Classes, Objects, and Variables 
-p.86-90 Strings (Strings section in Chapter 6 Standard Types)
+Rick Crelia - week 1 homework
+
 
 1. What is an object?
 
+An object is the realization or instantiation of a class. 
+
 2. What is a variable?
 
+A variable is a reference to an object. There are different types of variables: local variables,
+instance variables, class variables, global variables, etc. 
+
 3. What is the difference between an object and a class?
 
+A class is a representation of something, that defines its state as well as ways in which it can 
+be used (methods). An object is the result of instantiating a class. 
+
 4. What is a String?
 
+A string is a sequence of characters, pure and simple. Characters can be text or binary. 
+
 5. What are three messages that I can send to a string object? Hint: think methods
 
+String is one of the largest built-in Ruby classes, with over 100 standard methods.
+
+Some string methods include: 
+
+ a. String.split = parse characters into fields using a specified delimiter
+ b. String.squeeze = strip out repeated characters in a run of characters
+ b. String.scan = match chunks of characters using a specified pattern/regex.
+
 6. What are two ways of defining a String literal? Bonus: What is the difference between them?
+
+ a. Single/thin quotes  -  my_thinString = 'huzzah'
+ b. Double/thick quotes -  my_thickString = "huzzah"
+
+ Single quoted strings have fewer ways of being interpolated compared to double-quoted strings. The 
+ latter can even include Ruby code to create dynamic string expressions.
+
+

week1/homework/strings_and_rspec_spec.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
 require 'rspec/collection_matchers'
 require_relative '../../spec_helper'
 
-# encoding: utf-8
 
 # Please make these examples all pass
 # You will need to change the 3 pending tests
@@ -16,18 +16,20 @@
 			@my_string = "Renée is a fun teacher. Ruby is a really cool programming language"
 		end
 
-		it "should be able to count the charaters"
+		it "should be able to count the charaters" do
+			@my_string.length.should eq 66
+		end
 
 		it "should be able to split on the . charater" do
-			pending
-			result = #do something with @my_string here
+			result = @my_string.split('.')
 			result.should have(2).items
 		end
 
 		it "should be able to give the encoding of the string" do
-			pending 'helpful hint: should eq (Encoding.find("UTF-8"))'
-			encodeing #do something with @my_string here
+			#pending 'helpful hint: should eq (Encoding.find("UTF-8"))'
+			#encodeing #do something with @my_string here
 			#use helpful hint here
+			@my_string.encoding.should == Encoding.find("UTF-8")
 		end
 	end
 end

week2/exercises/.rspec

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+--color
+--format documentation

week2/homework/.rspec

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+--color
+--format documentation

week2/homework/questions.txt

@@ -4,10 +4,64 @@ Sharing Functionality: Inheritance, Modules, and Mixins
 
 1. What is the difference between a Hash and an Array?
 
+An array is an object that holds a collection of object references, 
+with a non-negative integer position for each element serving as that
+object's index. For example:
+
+a = [ 1, 3, 5 ]
+a[0] # => 1
+a[1] # => 3
+a[2] # => 5
+
+A hash is also an object that holds a collection of object references, but
+each element is indexed with a provided key. Keys can be any object type:
+strings, symbols, etc. For example:
+
+petsounds = { dog: 'woof', cat: 'meow', bird: 'chirp' }
+
+petsounds['cat'] # => 'meow'
+
 2. When would you use an Array over a Hash and vice versa?
 
+Arrays can be readily used as stacks and queues, and have built-in methods
+to support stack/queue types of operations like adding or removing elements
+from the stack (e.g., push, pop). 
+
+Hashes are mainly useful because of their ability to be indexed by anything 
+besides integers. Also, hash enumerations occur in the order in which
+elements were added to the hash, which could also be useful for tracking
+duration of collection membership.
+
 3. What is a module? Enumerable is a built in Ruby module, what is it?
 
+A module is a way of grouping together methods, classes, and constants,
+with two major benefits:
+
+ a. namespaces (prevent method and/or constant name clashes)
+ b. supports use of mixins, which results when a module is included in
+    a class definition such that all the module's instance methods are
+    immediately available to the containing class
+
+Enumerable is a module that allows for the use of collection class methods
+(e.g., map, include?, find_all?) to be available to the class containing
+the Enumerable module. Effectively, you can create a class that uses
+enumerative methods found in Arrays and Hashes by simply creating an iterator
+called "each" (which leverages the each method from the host class). 
+
 4. Can you inherit more than one thing in Ruby? How could you get around this problem?
 
+Yes. The use of modules and mixins can help prevent inheritance issues due to 
+method name clashes, where the same class method variable name may exist in multiple
+classes within a program. Also, a mixin is vulnerable to instance variable
+name clashes with other mixins or their host class. If unique instance 
+variable names are used in a mixin relative to those elsewhere, clashes can
+be avoided (or perhaps use a hash in the module indexed by current objectID).
+
 5. What is the difference between a Module and a Class?
+
+A module cannot have instances (i.e., they do not have their own state), 
+but can be included in a class such that its instance methods become 
+instantly available to the class. Mixed-in modules act essentially as 
+superclasses. 
+
+

week2/homework/simon_says_spec.rb

@@ -1,11 +1,31 @@
 # Hint: require needs to be able to find this file to load it
-require_relative "simon_says.rb"
+require_relative "simon_says_spec.rb"
 require_relative '../../spec_helper'
 
+module SimonSays
+  def echo(str)
+   str 
+  end
+  def shout(str)
+    str.upcase
+  end
+  def repeat(str,cnt=2)
+    str +=  " "
+    (str * cnt).strip
+  end
+  def start_of_word(str,ltrs)
+    str[0..(ltrs-1)]
+  end
+  def first_word(str)
+    words = str.scan(/[\w']+/)
+    words[0]
+  end
+end
+
 describe SimonSays do
   include SimonSays # Hint: Inclusion is different than SimonSays.new (read about modules)
-
   # Hint: We are just calling methods, we are not passing a message to a SimonSays object.
+
   it "should echo hello" do
     echo("hello").should == "hello"
   end

week3/homework/.rspec

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+--color
+--format documentation

week3/homework/calculator.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+class Calculator
+
+  def sum my_array
+    my_array.inject(0) {|sum, i| sum + i }
+  end
+
+  def multiply *my_array
+    puts my_array.inspect
+    my_array.flatten.inject(:*)
+  end
+
+  def pow b, p
+    b**p
+  end
+
+  def fac num
+    my_array = 1..num
+    my_array.inject(:*)  || 1
+  end
+
+end

week3/homework/questions.txt

@@ -6,10 +6,60 @@ Please Read:
 
 1. What is a symbol?
 
+A symbol is an identifier composed of a string of charcters, usually a name,
+that is constructed by preceding the name with a colon. For example:
+
+:my_favoriteSong
+:ip_address
+:'height'  # => :height
+
+A particular name or string will always generate the same symbol.
+
 2. What is the difference between a symbol and a string?
 
+A symbol is an immutable object, whereas a string is mutable by default.
+So, a symbol can be thought of as a constant memory object (it's object ID
+never changes) whereas a string will occupy multiple memory locations over
+its lifetime. This means that symbols are less "expensive" in terms
+of compute performance since they remain contantly available in memory
+and are ignored by Ruby's GC operations.
+
 3. What is a block and how do I call a block?
 
+A block consists of a set of Ruby code between braces or a do/end pair, 
+and appears only immediately after a method invocation. The start of a 
+block must be on the same source line as the end. For example:
+
+my_method do | a1, a2, ... | 
+end
+
+-or-
+
+my_method { | a1, a2, ... | 
+}
+
+Within the body of the method, the block can be called using yield,
+with parameters passed to yield becoming assigned to arguments in the block.
+Warnings are generated if a yield passes more parameters to a block than what
+was originally defined in the block.
+
 4. How do I pass a block to a method? What is the method signature?
 
+There are two ways to pass a block to a method:
+
+a. Using a literal block (and receive it with yield)
+
+b. As the last passed parameter containing a reference to a Proc object
+   prefixed with an ampersand 
+
+A method's signature is the list of keyword arguments expected to be
+processed by the method call. For example:
+
+ def my_method(a = 'foo', b = 'bar', c = 37)
+               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
 5. Where would you use regular expressions?
+
+Regular expressions are often used for filtering or searching text for
+patterns, with a pattern being one or more characters in a string. Once
+matched, the pattern might be evaluated, extracted, or changed inline.

week4/homework/.rspec

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+--color
+--format documentation

week4/homework/questions.txt

@@ -4,10 +4,63 @@ The Rake Gem: http://rake.rubyforge.org/
 
 1. How does Ruby read files?
 
+There are two ways for Ruby to do I/O with files:
+
+a. built in methods in the Kernel module (e.g., gets,puts,open,readline, etc.)
+   which typically read/write from/to standard input/output, or
+
+b. IO::File (File is a subclass of the base class IO)
+
+
+Using the base IO class gives you more control of your I/O tasks (e.g.,
+opening a file and processing it byte by byte)
+
 2. How would you output "Hello World!" to a file called my_output.txt?
 
+File.open("./my_output.txt", "w") do |file|
+  file.puts "Hello World!"
+end
+
+# now verify by reading in the file and echoing to terminal
+puts File.read("./my_output.txt")
+
 3. What is the Directory class and what is it used for?
 
+The Directory class in Ruby creates objects that are streams representing
+directories in the underlying filesystem. They are used to list directories
+and their contents. 
+
 4. What is an IO object?
 
+IO objects are bidirectional channels between Ruby and some external resource, 
+typically either files or sockets.
+
 5. What is rake and what is it used for? What is a rake task?
+
+rake is used to manage Ruby software build tasks, much like make is used to
+do the same in C programming. The default target for rake is a file named
+Rakefile (vs. Makefile in C programming). However, rake can also be used
+as a general automation tool for a variety of tasks and operations.
+
+"Rake is a software task management tool. It allows you to specify tasks and 
+describe dependencies as well as to group tasks in a namespace."
+   -- from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rake_(software)
+
+For example, given this Rakefile:
+
+desc "Remove backup files"
+task :remove_backups do
+  files = Dir['*.bak']
+  rm(files, verbose: true) unless files.empty?
+end
+
+when rake is invoked with
+
+   rake remove_backups
+
+it will remove any and all files in the current directory with a .bak extension.
+
+
+A rake task is a method that defines a Rake task that can be executed from
+the command line (as in the above example). Note: a task name is a symbol.
+

week4/homework/worker.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+module Worker
+
+#  def Worker.work
+#      yield if block_given?
+#  end
+
+   def self.work(*args)
+       c = 0
+       if args[0] == nil
+          yield if block_given?
+       else
+          yield if block_given?
+          yield if block_given?
+          yield if block_given?
+       end
+   end
+end