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Multi-UAV Trajectory Planning

Example name UAV **
Action space Dict
State space Dict

** stand for continuous, discrete, mixed.

Description

A UAV fleet, described by first order constrained dynamics, are required to reach a goal position in the x-y-z space from thier initial position. The UAV are represented by their 6 positional coordinates (cartesian coordinates and angles), and the velocity in the direction of the nose. The velocity is a first order integrator, i.e., integration over the acceleration, while the angles are assumed to be also first order integrator, i.e., small directe changes to the angles are assumed to be possible. The goal is to navigate the drones to the goal location. Note that some of the drones are not controllable! and so are there but nothing we do can affect them!

This domain has three version!

  1. Fully continuous, angles and velocity/acceleration are real bounded numbers.
  2. Fully discrete, angles and velocity/acceleration are bounded integers.
  3. Hybrid, i.e., Mix Discrete-continuous, angles are bounded integers and the velocity/acceleration is a real number.

Constants (non-fluents)

Constant Type Desc
CONTROLLABLE(aircraft) float32 Whether an aircraft is contrallable
GRAVITY float32 Earth gravity acceleration coefficient
MIN_X float32 Min X of the space
MAX_X float32 Max X of the space
MIN_Y float32 Min Y of the space
MAX_Y float32 Max X of the space
MIN_Z float32 Min Z of the space
MAX_Z float32 Max X of the space
SCALE_FACTOR float32 Time scale factor for dynamic equations (Delta T)
RANDOM_WALK_COEFF float32 RAndom walk var of the non contrallable aircrafts
VEL_REG float32 Velocity regularization (prevent division by zero
MIN_ACC(aircraft) float32 Minmum acceleration value
MAX_ACC(aircraft) float32 Maximum acceleration value
MIN_PHI(aircraft) float32 Minimum phi change in the single time step
MAX_PHI(aircraft) float32 Maximum phi change in the single time step
MIN_THETA(aircraft) float32 Minimum theta change in the single time step
MAX_THETA(aircraft) float32 Maximum thera change in the single time step
GOAL_X(aircraft) float32 Aircraft's goal X position
GOAL_Y(aircraft) float32 Aircraft's goal Y position
GOAL_Z(aircraft) float32 Aircraft's goal Y position

All of these can be read from the RDDLEnv interface and from the RDDL files.

Action Space

The actions are the acceleration in the direction of the nose, and the small changes to the roll and pitch angles.

continuous

Action type Desc
set_acc(aircraft) Box(1, MIN_ACC(aircraft), MAX_ACC(aircraft), np.float32) Propelling force to apply to the aircraft
set_phi(aircraft) Box(1, MIN_PHI(aircraft), MAX_PHI(aircraft), np.float32) Roll angle change
set_theta(aircraft) Box(1, MIN_THETA(aircraft), MIN_THETA(aircraft), np.float32) Pitch angle change

Discrete

Action type Desc
set_acc(aircraft) Discrete(MAX_ACC(aircraft)+MIN_ACC(aircraft)+1, start=MIN_ACC(aircraft)) Propelling force to apply to the aircraft
set_phi(aircraft) Discrete(MAX_PHI(aircraft)+MIN_PHI(aircraft)+1, start=MIN_PHI(aircraft)) Roll angle change
set_theta(aircraft) Discrete(MAX_THETA(aircraft)+MIN_THETA(aircraft)+1, start=MIN_THETA(aircraft)) Pitch angle change

Hybrid

Action type Desc
set_acc(aircraft) Box(1, MIN_ACC(aircraft), MAX_ACC(aircraft), np.float32) Propelling force to apply to the aircraft
set_phi(aircraft) Discrete(MAX_PHI(aircraft)+MIN_PHI(aircraft)+1, start=MIN_PHI(aircraft)) Roll angle change
set_theta(aircraft) Discrete(MAX_THETA(aircraft)+MIN_THETA(aircraft)+1, start=MIN_THETA(aircraft)) Pitch angle change
  • MIN_ACC(aircraft), MAX_ACC(aircraft), MIN_PHI(aircraft), MAX_PHI(aircraft), MIN_THETA(aircraft) and MIN_THETA(aircraft) are available from the RDDLEnv interface and in the RDDL domain and instance.

State Space

The state space represents the position and angles of each UAV, and also the velocity in the direction of the nose.

State type Desc
pos_x(aircraft) Box(1, MIN_X, MAX_X, np.float32) Position of the UAV in the x axis
pos_y(aircraft) Box(1, MIN_Y, MAX_Y, np.float32) Position of the UAV in the y axis
pos_z(aircraft) Box(1, MIN_Z, MAX_Z, np.float32) Position of the UAV in the z axis
theta(aircraft) Box(1, -inf, inf, np.float32) The UAV's pitch angle
phi(aircraft) Box(1, -inf, inf, np.float32) The UAV's roll angle
psi(aircraft) Box(1, -inf, inf, np.float32) The UAV's yaw angle
vel(aircraft) Box(1, -inf, inf, np.float32) UAV's velocity in the direction of the nose
  • MIN_X, MAX_X, MIN_Y, MAX_Y, MIN_Z and MAX_Z are available from the RDDLEnv interface and in the RDDL domain and instance.

Rewards

The reward function is defined as

The sum of the norm-2 distance of all the controllable drones.

References

  • UAV examples
  • David G. Hull. 2007. Fundamentals of Airplane Flight Mechanics (2nd ed.). Springer.

[Back to main page](index.md)