[v24.1.x] gha: use oidc

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #23423 to branch v24.1.x. Note that this issue was created as a placeholder, since the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v24.1.x
git checkout -b vbotbuildovich/backport-23423-v24.1.x-390
git cherry-pick -x bdc41212b755cab6b57433c5e17c3965b3d0e17f 969d22e781724d5e825311491987759dd3c0db0d 10bec781c41d7eab91ce76361a5be45fb5e3ba30 c879b7a9ca6b53958df90ebb46015df7fb9daabf 78d6a613e07108da1b62716865d662ed96e750c3 412e41d17476cbb487e3a44e334f2375c208eb59 6088bd6806464d452f6c4370f905550e2be179d4 f70a51ebc564a497e45cad4fb75933630e745ba9 79e309ede64f5d48bcb2035ed90e614fb0a9dba9 9f03a384b4b388e68547b3532dec085b9a937ebf 028a178523045dd717a32e386b731d6701415ca7 5abb5b6f31a70a5490b84073f9b18c6bfb800be9 ed9116ea34ee235d87b52f4b62f982a74f1d1544 58cf73d4e146fc458b8bb360e44267ca7ab3fba8 7c9526ec1e5eef805fa8b890c5b43a3d46634a5d 016fe73e808c158b7756aeacb12e20631deecbc5 33664f57d3a55361f5eeb1fe212d35ca59960ef7 50444aefb35eacfa59c34d45bcfade5fdd3cdd08 40df0a82a96025ca6a4b681377ce85021036ae08 2e326a01307cedee5d406bbefca4c15c93f9fddd f4f785dd2f1093e04bd6d5ae5d1812f0c4029e6b dc610095cfe7646986fa27263fef543cb18ffb99 beeefc93216362781afbc8bcd165afd9cefcc0fe 37aa5bd2cc1345ec0a7ef3abb8c3000ddefb0fd9 edeb97da939d84f45c319fd728aae14f5155db72 5e2a54bc6835534c4b8fa17b7d0b0f96420ceec6 694bc381f6b0b06cb061b4535ccf8afc74a97802 5bca97e54fc379cc84a7cff0f83834ee693341d9 5bb88cfb23c72692a65380507c67e19fc0d45730 4b572bac1d6918a4d6aad6ae587f85291c05eb1f

git push origin vbotbuildovich/backport-23423-v24.1.x-390
gh pr create \
  --title "[v24.1.x] gha: use oidc" \
  --base "v24.1.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "vbotbuildovich/backport-23423-v24.1.x-390" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --milestone "v24.1.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/23423 "