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sql-statement-create-view.md

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CREATE VIEW
TiDB 数据库中 CREATE VIEW 的使用概况。
/docs-cn/dev/sql-statements/sql-statement-create-view/
/docs-cn/dev/reference/sql/statements/create-view/

CREATE VIEW

使用 CREATE VIEW 语句将 SELECT 语句保存为类似于表的可查询对象。TiDB 中的视图是非物化的,这意味着在查询视图时,TiDB 将在内部重写查询,以将视图定义与 SQL 查询结合起来。

语法图

CreateViewStmt ::=
    'CREATE' OrReplace ViewAlgorithm ViewDefiner ViewSQLSecurity 'VIEW' ViewName ViewFieldList 'AS' CreateViewSelectOpt ViewCheckOption

OrReplace ::=
    ( 'OR' 'REPLACE' )?

ViewAlgorithm ::=
    ( 'ALGORITHM' '=' ( 'UNDEFINED' | 'MERGE' | 'TEMPTABLE' ) )?

ViewDefiner ::=
    ( 'DEFINER' '=' Username )?

ViewSQLSecurity ::=
    ( 'SQL' 'SECURITY' ( 'DEFINER' | 'INVOKER' ) )?

ViewName ::= TableName

ViewFieldList ::=
    ( '(' Identifier ( ',' Identifier )* ')' )?

ViewCheckOption ::=
    ( 'WITH' ( 'CASCADED' | 'LOCAL' ) 'CHECK' 'OPTION' )?

示例

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

CREATE TABLE t1 (id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, c1 INT NOT NULL);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

INSERT INTO t1 (c1) VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5);
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 > 2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+----+
| id | c1 |
+----+----+
|  1 |  1 |
|  2 |  2 |
|  3 |  3 |
|  4 |  4 |
|  5 |  5 |
+----+----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

SELECT * FROM v1;
+----+----+
| id | c1 |
+----+----+
|  3 |  3 |
|  4 |  4 |
|  5 |  5 |
+----+----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

INSERT INTO t1 (c1) VALUES (6);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

SELECT * FROM v1;
+----+----+
| id | c1 |
+----+----+
|  3 |  3 |
|  4 |  4 |
|  5 |  5 |
|  6 |  6 |
+----+----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

INSERT INTO v1 (c1) VALUES (7);
ERROR 1105 (HY000): insert into view v1 is not supported now.

MySQL 兼容性

  • 目前 TiDB 中的任何视图都不可被插入,也不可被更新(即不支持 INSERT VIEW,也不支持 UPDATE VIEW)。WITH CHECK OPTION 只做了语法兼容但不生效。
  • 目前 TiDB 中的视图不支持 ALTER VIEW,但可以使用 CREATE OR REPLACE 替代。
  • 目前 ALGORITHM 字段在 TiDB 中只做了语法兼容但不生效,TiDB 目前只支持 MERGE 算法。

另请参阅