Emacs on Windows can be a finicky beast, no thanks in part to the necessity of a C compiler to install tree-sitter grammars. There are a few different schools of thought for setting up a Windows dev environment that has the necessary tools. You can set up Visual Studio (though you may still be missing the occasional program), install a Linux-compatibility package like Cygwin or w64devkit, or you can use Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL).
In my opinion, your best bet on using Windows with Start Emacs is to use WSL. Follow the steps in this guide How to install Linux on Windows with WSL and pick a Linux distribution that has Emacs 29 readily available.
You may alternatively compile Emacs from source using WSL, which is outlined below.
Install the Debian subsystem:
wsl --install Debian
Open up your Debian terminal and install required dependencies (git, gcc, make, gccjit, etc.):
apt-get update
apt-get install git build-essentials texinfo autoconf \
libx11-dev libxpm-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev \
libgif-dev libtiff-dev libncurses-dev gnutls-dev \
libgtk-3-dev libgccjit-12-dev libtree-sitter-dev
Clone Emacs and begin the installation process (this could take some time):
git clone -b master git://git.sv.gnu.org/emacs.git
cd emacs
# The steps that follow are from emacs/INSTALL
./autogen.sh
./configure --with-native-compilation --with-tree-sitter
make
# Verify that Emacs built properly
src/emacs -Q
# Only run this if the previous command launches Emacs correctly
make install
If Emacs does not build/start properly, you may be missing a
dependency. You can try again after make clean. The command make bootstrap may also help iron out some issues.