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gss-browserid.lyx
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#LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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A SASL and GSS-API Mechanism for the BrowserID Authentication Protocol
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draft-howard-gss-browserid-07.txt
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BrowserID SASL & GSS-API
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Security Area
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Internet-Draft
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\begin_layout Author
Luke Howard
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PADL Software
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PADL
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L.
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Howard
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PO Box 59
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Central Park
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VIC
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Australia
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3145
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Nicolas Williams
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Cryptonector, LLC
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Cryptonector
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N.
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Williams
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\begin_layout Abstract
This document defines protocols, procedures and conventions for a Generic
Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) security mechanism
based on the BrowserID authentication mechanism.
Through the GS2 family of mechanisms defined in RFC 5801, these protocols
also define how Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL, RFC 4422)
applications may use BrowserID.
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\begin_layout Section
Introduction
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BrowserID
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is a web-based three-party security protocol by which user agents can present
to a Relying Party (RP) a signed assertion of e-mail address ownership.
BrowserID was intended to be used for web authentication.
We find BrowserID to be useful in general, therefore we define herein how
to use it in many more applications.
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\begin_layout Standard
The Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL)
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RFC4422
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is a framework for providing authentication and message protection services
via pluggable mechanisms.
Protocols that support it include IMAP, SMTP, and XMPP.
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\begin_layout Standard
The Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API)
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RFC2743
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provides a framework for authentication and message protection services
through a common programming interface.
This document conforms to the SASL and GSS-API bridge specified in
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RFC5801
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, so it defines both a SASL and GSS-API mechanism.
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\begin_layout Standard
The BrowserID mechanism described in this document reuses the existing web-based
BrowserID protocol, but profiles it for use in applications that support
SASL or GSS-API, adding features such as key agreement, mutual authentication,
and fast re-authentication.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The following diagram illustrates the interactions between the three parties
in the GSS BrowserID protocol.
Note that the terms client, initiator and user agent (UA) are used interchangea
bly in this document, as are server, acceptor and relying party (RP).
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+------------------+
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| BrowserID |
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| identity |
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| provider |
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+------------------+
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//
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//
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//
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//
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make signed //
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fetch IdP public
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certificate //
\backslash
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key over HTTPS
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for user's //
\backslash
\backslash
(RP may cache)
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public key //
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//
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//
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//
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|/
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|
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+-------------------+ +-------------------+
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| SASL or GSS | GSS BrowserID | SASL or GSS |
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| client/UA |<---------------------------->| server/RP |
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| (initiator) | | (acceptor) |
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+-------------------+ +-------------------+
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Interworking Architecture
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\begin_layout Subsection
Discovery and Negotiation
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The means of discovering GSS-API peers and their supported mechanisms is
out of this specification's scope.
They may use SASL
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RFC4422
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or the Simple and Protected Negotiation mechanism (SPNEGO)
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RFC4178
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.
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\begin_layout Standard
Discovery of a BrowserID identity provider (IdP) for a user is described
in the BrowserID specification.
A domain publishes a document containing their public key and URIs for
authenticating and provisioning users, or pointer to an authority containing
such a document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Authentication
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\begin_layout Standard
The GSS-API protocol involves a client, known as the initiator, sending
an initial security context token of a chosen GSS-API security mechanism
to a peer, known as the acceptor.
The two peers subsequently exchange, synchronously, as many security context
tokens as necessary to complete the authentication or fail.
The specific number of context tokens exchanged varies by security mechanism:
in the case of the BrowserID mechanism, it is typically two (i.e.
a single round trip), however it can be more in some cases.
Once authentication is complete, the initiator and acceptor share a security
context which identifies the peers and can optionally be used for integrity
or confidentiality protecting subsequent application messages.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The original BrowserID protocol, as defined outside this document, specifies
a bearer token authentication protocol for web applications.
The user agent generates a short-term key pair, the public key of which
is signed by the user's IdP.
(The user must have already authenticated to the IdP; how this is done
is not specified by BrowserID, but forms-based authentication is common.)
The IdP returns a certificate for the user which may be cached by the user's
browser.
When authenticating to a Relying Party (RP), the browser generates an identity
assertion containing the RP domain and an expiration time.
The user agent signs this and presents both the assertion and certificate
to the RP.
(The combination of an assertion and zero or more certificates is termed
a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
backed assertion
\begin_inset Quotes erd
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.) The RP fetches the public key for the IdP, validates the user's certificate
(and those of any intermediate certifying parties) and then verifies the
assertion.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The GSS BrowserID protocol extends this by having the RP always send back
a response to the user agent, which at a minimum provides key confirmation
(this is needed for some key agreement methods) and indicates the lifetime
of the established security context.
The key confirmation token is also required for mutual authentication,
when the initiator application requests that feature.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Message protection services
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
GSS-API provides a number of a message protection services:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
GSS_Wrap() integrity and optional confidentiality for a message
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\begin_layout Description
GSS_GetMIC() integrity for a message sent separately
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GSS_Pseudo_random() shared key derivation (e.g., for keying external confidentiali
ty+integrity layers)
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\begin_layout Standard
These services may be used with security contexts that have a shared session
key, to protect application-layer messages.
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\begin_layout Section
Requirements notation
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\begin_layout Standard
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are
to be interpreted as described in
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status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
RFC2119
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.
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