Tutorial.md

This tutorial gives a short introduction to Amper and how to create a new project.

If you are looking for more detailed info, check the documentation.

Before you start

Check the setup instructions.

Step 1. Hello, World

The first thing you’d want to try when getting familiar with a new tool is just a simple "Hello, World" application. Here is what we do:

Create a module.yaml file:

product: jvm/app

And add some code in the src/ folder:

|-src/
|  |-main.kt
|-module.yaml

main.kt file:

fun main() {
    println("Hello, World!")
}

You also need to add a couple of shell scripts to your project folder. Copy the following files from a template project:

• amper
• amper.bat

|-src/
|  |-main.kt
|-module.yaml
|-amper
|-amper.bat

To use Amper in a Gradle-based project, instead of the amper and amper.bat files you need to create settings.gradle.kts and Gradle wrappers in the project root. These files are necessary to configure and launch Gradle. Copy the following files from a template project:

• settings.gradle.kts,
• gradlew > and gradlew.bat,
• gradle folder

|-gradle/...
|-src/
|  |-main.kt
|-module.yaml
|-settings.gradle.kts
|-gradlew
|-gradlew.bat

That’s it, we’ve just created a simple JVM application.

And since it’s a JVM project, you can add Java code. Java and Kotlin files can reside together, no need to create separate Maven-like java/ and kotlin/ folders:

|-src/
|  |-main.kt
|  |-JavaClass.java
|-module.yaml

Examples: JVM "Hello, World!" (standalone, Gradle-based)

Documentation:

• Using standalone Amper
• Using Gradle-based Amper
• Project layout
• module file anatomy

Step 2. Add dependencies

Let's add a dependency on a Kotlin library from the Maven repository:

product: jvm/app

dependencies:
  - org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-datetime:0.4.0

We can now use this library in the main.kt file:

import kotlinx.datetime.*

fun main() {
    println("Hello, World!")
    println("It's ${Clock.System.now().toLocalDateTime(TimeZone.currentSystemDefault())} here")
}

Documentation:

• Dependencies

Step 3. Add tests

Now let’s add some tests. Amper configures the testing framework automatically, we only need to add a test code into the test/ folder:

|-src/
|  |-...
|-test/
|  |-MyTest.kt
|-module.yaml

class MyTest {
    @Test
    fun doTest() {
        assertTrue(true)
    }
}

To add test-specific dependencies, use the dedicated test-dependencies: section. This should be very familiar to the Cargo, Flutter and Poetry users. As an example, let's add a MockK library to the project:

product: jvm/app

dependencies:
  - org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-datetime:0.4.0

test-dependencies:
  - io.mockk:mockk:1.13.10

Examples: JVM "Hello, World!" (standalone, Gradle-based)

Documentation:

• Tests

Step 4. Configure Java and Kotlin

Another typical task is configuring compiler settings, such as language level etc. Here is how we do it in Amper:

product: jvm/app

dependencies:
  - org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-datetime:0.4.0

test-dependencies:
  - io.mockk:mockk:1.13.10

settings:
  kotlin:
    languageVersion: 1.8  # Set Kotlin source compatibility to 1.8
  jvm:
    release: 17  # Set the minimum JVM version that the Kotlin and Java code should be compatible with.

Documentation:

• Settings

Step 5. Add Compose Multiplatform

Now, let's turn the example into a GUI application. To do that we'll the Compose Multiplatform framework:

product: jvm/app

dependencies:
  # ...other dependencies...

  # add Compose dependencies
  - $compose.foundation
  - $compose.material3
  - $compose.desktop.currentOs

settings:
  # ...other settings...

  # enable the Compose framework toolchain  
  compose:
    enabled: true

and add the following code in the main.kt file:

import androidx.compose.foundation.text.BasicText
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application

fun main() = application {
    Window(onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication) {
        BasicText("Hello, World!")
    }
}

Now we have a GUI application!

Examples:

• Compose Desktop (standalone, Gradle-based)
• Compose Android (standalone, Gradle-based)
• Compose iOS (standalone, Gradle-based)
• Compose Multiplatform (standalone, Gradle-based)

Documentation:

• Configuring Compose Multiplatform

Step 6. Modularize

Let's split our project into a JVM application and a library module with a shared code, which we are going to reuse. It will have the following structure:

|-jvm-app/
|  |-src/
|  |  |-main.kt
|  |-test/
|  |  |-...
|  |-module.yaml
|-shared/
|  |-src/
|  |  |-hello.kt
|  |-module.yaml

We also add project.yaml file in the root, next to the existing amper and amper.bat files. It will help Amper find the root and the modules in the project:

|-jvm-app/
|  |-...
|  |-module.yaml
|-shared/
|  |-...
|  |-module.yaml
|-amper
|-amper.bat
|-project.yaml

Read more about the project layout

In the case of a Gradle-based project, settings.gradle.kts is used instead of project.yaml file. So all previously added Gradle files will remain in the project root:

|-jvm-app/
|  |-...
|  |-module.yaml
|-shared/
|  |-...
|  |-module.yaml
|-gradle/...
|-settings.gradle.kts
|-gradlew
|-gradlew.bat

Read more about the project layout

The jvm-app/module.yaml will look like this

product: jvm/app

dependencies:
  - ../shared # use the 'shared' module as a dependency

settings:
  compose:
    enabled: true

Note how a dependency on the shared module is declared using a relative path.

And the shared/module.yaml:

product:
  type: lib
  platforms: [jvm]

dependencies:
  - $compose.foundation: exported
  - $compose.material3: exported
  - $compose.desktop.currentOs: exported

settings:
  compose:
    enabled: true

Note how the library 'exports' its dependencies. The dependent module will 'see' these dependencies and don't need to explicitly depend on them.

Let's extract the common code into the shared/src/hello.kt file:

import androidx.compose.foundation.text.BasicText
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable

@Composable
fun sayHello() {
    BasicText("Hello, World!")
}

And re-use it in the jvm-app/src/main.kt file:

import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application

fun main() = application {
    Window(onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication) {
        sayHello()
    }
}

Now we have a multi-module project with some neatly extracted shared code.

Examples: Compose Multiplatform (standalone, Gradle-based)

Documentation:

• Project layout
• Module dependencies
• Dependency visibility and scope

Step 7. Make project multiplatform

So far we've been working with a JVM platform to create a desktop application. Let's add an Android and an iOS application. It will be straightforward, since we've already prepared a multi-module layout with a shared module that we can reuse.

Here is the project structure that we need:

|-android-app/
|  |-src/
|  |  |-main.kt
|  |  |-AndroidManifest.xml
|  |-module.yaml
|-ios-app/
|  |-src/
|  |  |-iosApp.swift
|  |  |-main.kt
|  |-module.yaml
|-jvm-app/
|  |-...
|-shared/
|  |-...

The android-app/module.yaml will look like this way:

product: android/app

dependencies:
  - ../shared

settings:
  compose:
    enabled: true

And the ios-app/module.yaml:

product: ios/app

dependencies:
  - ../shared

settings:
  compose:
    enabled: true
  ios:
    teamId: <your team ID here> # See https://developer.apple.com/help/account/manage-your-team/locate-your-team-id/

Let's update the shared/module.yaml and add the new platforms and a couple of additional dependencies for Android:

product:
  type: lib
  platforms: [ jvm, android, iosArm64, iosSimulatorArm64, iosX64 ]

dependencies:
  - $compose.foundation: exported
  - $compose.material3: exported

dependencies@jvm:
  - $compose.desktop.currentOs: exported

dependencies@android:
  # Compose integration with Android activities
  - androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.7.2: exported
  - androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1: exported

settings:
  compose:
    enabled: true

Note how we used the dependencies@jvm: and dependencies@android: sections to specify JVM- and Android-specific dependencies. These dependencies will be added to the JVM and Android versions of the shared library correspondingly. They will also be available for the jvm-app and android-app modules, since they depend on the shared module. Read more about multiplatform configuration in the documentation.

Now, as we have the module structure, we need to add platform-specific application code to the Android and iOS modules. Create a MainActivity.kt file in android-app/src with the following content:

package hello.world

import sayHello
import android.os.Bundle
import androidx.activity.compose.setContent
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContent {
            sayHello()
        }
    }
}

Next, create a ViewController.kt file in ios-app/src:

import sayHello
import androidx.compose.ui.window.ComposeUIViewController

fun ViewController() = ComposeUIViewController { 
    sayHello() 
}

And the last step, copy the AndroidManifest.xml file from an example project into android-app/src folder, and the iosApp.swift file into the ios-app/src. These files bind the Compose UI code with the native application entry points.

Make sure that your project structure looks like this:

|-android-app/
|  |-src/
|  |  |-main.kt
|  |  |-AndroidManifest.xml
|  |-module.yaml
|-ios-app/
|  |-src/
|  |  |-iosApp.swift
|  |  |-main.kt
|  |-module.yaml
|-jvm-app/
|-shared/
|-...

In the case of a Gradle-based project, you also need to add a couple of configuration files. Copy the gradle.properties into your project root, and create a local.properties file nearby with the follwoing content:

## This file must *NOT* be checked into Version Control Systems

sdk.dir=<path to the Android SDK>

Check the instructions on how to set the sdk.dir on StackOverflow

Your project root content will look like this:

|-android-app/
|-...
|-settings.gradle.kts
|-gradle.properties
|-local.properties

Now you can build and run both apps using the Fleet run configurations.

Examples: Compose Multiplatform (standalone, Gradle-based)

Documentation:

• Multiplatform configuration
• Configuring Compose Multiplatform

Step 8. Deduplicate common configuration

You might have noticed that there are some settings present in the module.yaml files. To redce duplication we can extract them into a template.

Let's create a couple of <name>.module-template.yaml files:

|-android-app/
|  |-...
|-ios-app/
|  |-...
|-jvm-app/
|  |-...
|-shared/
|  |-...
|-compose.module-template.yaml
|-app.module-template.yaml

A /compose.module-template.yaml with settings common to all modules:

settings:
  compose:
    enabled: true

and /app.module-template.yaml with dependencies that are used in the application modules:

dependencies:
  - ./shared

Now we will apply these templates to our module files:

/shared/module.yaml:

product:
  type: lib
  platforms: [ jvm, android, iosArm64, iosSimulatorArm64, iosX64 ]

apply:
  - ../compose.module-template.yaml

dependencies:
  - $compose.foundation: exported
  - $compose.material3: exported

dependencies@jvm:
  - $compose.desktop.currentOs

dependencies@android:
  # Compose integration with Android activities
  - androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.7.2: exported
  - androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1: exported

/jvm-app/module.yaml:

product: jvm/app

apply:
  - ../compose.module-template.yaml
  - ../app.module-template.yaml

/android-app/module.yaml:

product: android/app

apply:
  - ../compose.module-template.yaml
  - ../app.module-template.yaml

/ios-app/module.yaml:

product: ios/app

apply:
  - ../compose.module-template.yaml
  - ../app.module-template.yaml

settings:
  ios:
    teamId: <your team ID here> # See https://developer.apple.com/help/account/manage-your-team/locate-your-team-id/

You can put all common dependencies and settings into the template. It's also possible to have multiple templates for various typical configurations in the project.

Documentation:

• Templates

Further steps

Check the documentation and explore examples for the standalone Amper projects and for the Gradle-based Amper projects.