ch01-code-listing.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Chapter 1: Computing with Python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Robert Johansson\n",
    "\n",
    "Source code listings for [Numerical Python - Scientific Computing and Data Science Applications with Numpy, SciPy and Matplotlib](https://www.apress.com/us/book/9781484242452) (ISBN 978-1-484242-45-2)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Interpreter"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting hello.py\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%writefile hello.py\n",
    "print(\"Hello from Python!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello from Python!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!python hello.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Python 3.7.3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!python --version"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Input and output caching"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "9"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 * 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'3 * 3'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "In[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "9"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Out[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['', '3 * 3', 'In[1]', 'Out[1]', 'In']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "In"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{1: 9, 2: '3 * 3', 3: 9, 4: ['', '3 * 3', 'In[1]', 'Out[1]', 'In', 'Out']}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Out"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1+2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "1+2;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 2; x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Documentation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import os"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# try os.w<TAB>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import math"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\u001b[0;31mDocstring:\u001b[0m\n",
       "cos(x)\n",
       "\n",
       "Return the cosine of x (measured in radians).\n",
       "\u001b[0;31mType:\u001b[0m      builtin_function_or_method\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "math.cos?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Interaction with System Shell"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!touch file1.py file2.py file3.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "file1.py file2.py file3.py\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ls file*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "files = !ls file*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(files)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['file1.py', 'file2.py', 'file3.py']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "files"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "file = \"file1.py\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "-rw-r--r--  1 rob  staff  0 May  6 12:30 file1.py\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ls -l $file"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Running scripts from the IPython console"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting fib.py\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%writefile fib.py\n",
    "\n",
    "def fib(N): \n",
    "    \"\"\" \n",
    "    Return a list of the first N Fibonacci numbers.\n",
    "    \"\"\" \n",
    "    f0, f1 = 0, 1\n",
    "    f = [1] * N\n",
    "    for n in range(1, N):\n",
    "        f[n] = f0 + f1\n",
    "        f0, f1 = f1, f[n]\n",
    "\n",
    "    return f\n",
    "\n",
    "print(fib(10))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!python fib.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%run fib.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fib(6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Debugger"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'float'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-25-da4664af34ee>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mfib\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1.0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Desktop/numerical-python-apress-revision/numerical-python-book-code/fib.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mfib\u001b[0;34m(N)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      5\u001b[0m     \"\"\" \n\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mf0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 7\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m \u001b[0mN\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m      8\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mn\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrange\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mN\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      9\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mn\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf0\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'float'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fib(1.0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "> \u001b[0;32m/Users/rob/Desktop/numerical-python-apress-revision/numerical-python-book-code/fib.py\u001b[0m(7)\u001b[0;36mfib\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m      5 \u001b[0;31m    \"\"\" \n",
      "\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      6 \u001b[0;31m    \u001b[0mf0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m----> 7 \u001b[0;31m    \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m \u001b[0mN\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      8 \u001b[0;31m    \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mn\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrange\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mN\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      9 \u001b[0;31m        \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mn\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf0\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0m\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stdin",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "ipdb>  q\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%debug"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Timing and profiling code"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "12.5 µs ± 712 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%timeit fib(100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "CPU times: user 21 µs, sys: 1 µs, total: 22 µs\n",
      "Wall time: 27.2 µs\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "result = %time fib(100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "100"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(result)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "def random_walker_max_distance(M, N):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Simulate N random walkers taking M steps, and return the largest distance\n",
    "    from the starting point achieved by any of the random walkers.\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    trajectories = [np.random.randn(M).cumsum() for _ in range(N)]\n",
    "    return np.max(np.abs(trajectories))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " "
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "         20010 function calls in 0.353 seconds\n",
       "\n",
       "   Ordered by: internal time\n",
       "\n",
       "   ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall filename:lineno(function)\n",
       "    10000    0.194    0.000    0.194    0.000 {method 'randn' of 'mtrand.RandomState' objects}\n",
       "    10000    0.069    0.000    0.069    0.000 {method 'cumsum' of 'numpy.ndarray' objects}\n",
       "        1    0.054    0.054    0.340    0.340 <ipython-input-30-a0ebffe020ed>:3(random_walker_max_distance)\n",
       "        1    0.019    0.019    0.282    0.282 <ipython-input-30-a0ebffe020ed>:8(<listcomp>)\n",
       "        1    0.013    0.013    0.353    0.353 <string>:1(<module>)\n",
       "        1    0.004    0.004    0.004    0.004 {method 'reduce' of 'numpy.ufunc' objects}\n",
       "        1    0.000    0.000    0.004    0.004 fromnumeric.py:69(_wrapreduction)\n",
       "        1    0.000    0.000    0.353    0.353 {built-in method builtins.exec}\n",
       "        1    0.000    0.000    0.004    0.004 fromnumeric.py:2397(amax)\n",
       "        1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 fromnumeric.py:70(<dictcomp>)\n",
       "        1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {method 'items' of 'dict' objects}\n",
       "        1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%prun random_walker_max_distance(400, 10000)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Jupyter notebook"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from IPython.display import display, Image, HTML, Math"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<img src=\"http://python.org/images/python-logo.gif\"/>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Image object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Image(url='http://python.org/images/python-logo.gif')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import scipy, numpy, matplotlib\n",
    "modules = [numpy, matplotlib, scipy]\n",
    "row = \"<tr> <td>%s</td> <td>%s</td> </tr>\"\n",
    "rows = \"\\n\".join([row % (module.__name__, module.__version__) for module in modules])\n",
    "s = \"<table> <tr><th>Library</th><th>Version</th> </tr> %s</table>\" % rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'<table> <tr><th>Library</th><th>Version</th> </tr> <tr> <td>numpy</td> <td>1.13.3</td> </tr>\\n<tr> <td>matplotlib</td> <td>3.0.0</td> </tr>\\n<tr> <td>scipy</td> <td>1.1.0</td> </tr></table>'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table> <tr><th>Library</th><th>Version</th> </tr> <tr> <td>numpy</td> <td>1.13.3</td> </tr>\n",
       "<tr> <td>matplotlib</td> <td>3.0.0</td> </tr>\n",
       "<tr> <td>scipy</td> <td>1.1.0</td> </tr></table>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "HTML(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class HTMLDisplayer(object):\n",
    "    def __init__(self, code):\n",
    "        self.code = code\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def _repr_html_(self):\n",
    "        return self.code"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table> <tr><th>Library</th><th>Version</th> </tr> <tr> <td>numpy</td> <td>1.13.3</td> </tr>\n",
       "<tr> <td>matplotlib</td> <td>3.0.0</td> </tr>\n",
       "<tr> <td>scipy</td> <td>1.1.0</td> </tr></table>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<__main__.HTMLDisplayer at 0x10f83a4e0>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "HTMLDisplayer(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/latex": [
       "$$\\hat{H} = -\\frac{1}{2}\\epsilon \\hat{\\sigma}_z-\\frac{1}{2}\\delta \\hat{\\sigma}_x$$"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Math object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Math(r'\\hat{H} = -\\frac{1}{2}\\epsilon \\hat{\\sigma}_z-\\frac{1}{2}\\delta \\hat{\\sigma}_x')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class QubitHamiltonian(object):\n",
    "    def __init__(self, epsilon, delta):\n",
    "        self.epsilon = epsilon\n",
    "        self.delta = delta\n",
    "\n",
    "    def _repr_latex_(self):\n",
    "        return \"$\\hat{H} = -%.2f\\hat{\\sigma}_z-%.2f\\hat{\\sigma}_x$\" % \\\n",
    "            (self.epsilon/2, self.delta/2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/latex": [
       "$\\hat{H} = -0.25\\hat{\\sigma}_z-0.12\\hat{\\sigma}_x$"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<__main__.QubitHamiltonian at 0x10f83a2e8>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "QubitHamiltonian(0.5, 0.25)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "from scipy import stats\n",
    "\n",
    "def f(mu):\n",
    "    X = stats.norm(loc=mu, scale=np.sqrt(mu))\n",
    "    N = stats.poisson(mu)\n",
    "    x = np.linspace(0, X.ppf(0.999))\n",
    "    n = np.arange(0, x[-1])\n",
    "\n",
    "    fig, ax = plt.subplots()\n",
    "    ax.plot(x, X.pdf(x), color='black', lw=2, label=\"Normal($\\mu=%d, \\sigma^2=%d$)\" % (mu, mu))\n",
    "    ax.bar(n, N.pmf(n), align='edge', label=r\"Poisson($\\lambda=%d$)\" % mu)\n",
    "    ax.set_ylim(0, X.pdf(x).max() * 1.25)\n",
    "    ax.legend(loc=2, ncol=2)\n",
    "    plt.close(fig)\n",
    "    return fig"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from ipywidgets import interact\n",
    "import ipywidgets as widgets"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "interact(f, mu=widgets.FloatSlider(min=1.0, max=20.0, step=1.0));"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Jupyter nbconvert"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | Subcommand `ipython nbconvert` is deprecated and will be removed in future versions.\n",
      "[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | You likely want to use `jupyter nbconvert` in the future\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] Converting notebook ch01-code-listing.ipynb to html\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] Writing 315769 bytes to ch01-code-listing.html\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ipython nbconvert --to html ch01-code-listing.ipynb"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | Subcommand `ipython nbconvert` is deprecated and will be removed in future versions.\n",
      "[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | You likely want to use `jupyter nbconvert` in the future\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] Converting notebook ch01-code-listing.ipynb to pdf\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] Support files will be in ch01-code-listing_files/\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] Making directory ch01-code-listing_files\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] Writing 42308 bytes to notebook.tex\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] Building PDF\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] Running xelatex 3 times: ['xelatex', 'notebook.tex']\n",
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     "text": [
      "Overwriting custom_template.tplx\n"
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      "[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | Subcommand `ipython nbconvert` is deprecated and will be removed in future versions.\n",
      "[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | You likely want to use `jupyter nbconvert` in the future\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] Converting notebook ch01-code-listing.ipynb to pdf\n",
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      "(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/psnfss/ot1ppl.fd)\n",
      "(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/psnfss/omlzplm.fd)\n",
      "(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/psnfss/omszplm.fd)\n",
      "(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/psnfss/omxzplm.fd)\n",
      "(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/psnfss/ot1zplm.fd)\n",
      "(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/se-ascii-print.def)\n",
      "(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/lm/t1lmtt.fd)\n",
      "(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/lm/ts1lmtt.fd) [1]\n",
      "! Text line contains an invalid character.\n",
      "l.431 ^^[\n",
      "         [0;31mDocstring:^^[[0m\n",
      "? \n",
      "! Emergency stop.\n",
      "l.431 ^^[\n",
      "         [0;31mDocstring:^^[[0m\n",
      "Output written on notebook.pdf (1 page).\n",
      "Transcript written on notebook.log.\n",
      "\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] PDF successfully created\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] Writing 17066 bytes to ch01-code-listing.pdf\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ipython nbconvert ch01-code-listing.ipynb --to pdf --template custom_template.tplx"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | Subcommand `ipython nbconvert` is deprecated and will be removed in future versions.\n",
      "[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | You likely want to use `jupyter nbconvert` in the future\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] Converting notebook ch01-code-listing.ipynb to python\n",
      "[NbConvertApp] Writing 5081 bytes to ch01-code-listing.py\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ipython nbconvert ch01-code-listing.ipynb --to python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Versions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table><tr><th>Software</th><th>Version</th></tr><tr><td>Python</td><td>3.6.6 64bit [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_401/final)]</td></tr><tr><td>IPython</td><td>6.5.0</td></tr><tr><td>OS</td><td>Darwin 17.3.0 x86_64 i386 64bit</td></tr><tr><td>numpy</td><td>1.13.3</td></tr><tr><td colspan='2'>Tue Oct 02 06:08:48 2018 JST</td></tr></table>"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\\hline\n",
       "{\\bf Software} & {\\bf Version} \\\\ \\hline\\hline\n",
       "Python & 3.6.6 64bit [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE\\_401/final)] \\\\ \\hline\n",
       "IPython & 6.5.0 \\\\ \\hline\n",
       "OS & Darwin 17.3.0 x86\\_64 i386 64bit \\\\ \\hline\n",
       "numpy & 1.13.3 \\\\ \\hline\n",
       "\\hline \\multicolumn{2}{|l|}{Tue Oct 02 06:08:48 2018 JST} \\\\ \\hline\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "Software versions\n",
       "Python 3.6.6 64bit [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_401/final)]\n",
       "IPython 6.5.0\n",
       "OS Darwin 17.3.0 x86_64 i386 64bit\n",
       "numpy 1.13.3\n",
       "Tue Oct 02 06:08:48 2018 JST"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%reload_ext version_information\n",
    "%version_information numpy"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "py36",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "py36"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.6.8"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 2
}