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[3 Poll Proposal] Revitalizing Gridcoin: Enhancing participation by rebalancing rewards and vote weight #268
Comments
@grctest Thanks for a very thorough proposal! I am writing up some comments which I will post here this weekend. |
@grctest, there was a significant declining schedule in the current Gridcoin emissions after the changover to the current PoS chain as well. This historical rule is actually retained in the current code in reward.cpp: (listed along with the current CBR code)
|
I'm in favour of increasing emissions but the root cause of low market cap for Gridcoin is because of lack of demand. Big part of the problem is that Gridcoin is not a useful cryptocurrency as there's nothing of value that can be bought with GRC. There were some interesting proposals in the past but I think the easiest/safest way is to incentivize? selling goods/services from within the community. (which I assume r/MarketGrid was an attempt at.) Part of this is can be improved by wallet:
A bigger part of this need some coordinated effort from the community. Once that's done, it'd be more appropriate to look getting into CEXs(or make a DEX?) to help new users obtain GRC. |
In addition to my comments on Discord, I think it would be feasible to use the active vote weight at the beginning of the poll as a substitute for money supply. Trying to use the average active vote weight during the poll results in effectively a recursive algorithm that makes it non-deterministic to compute each votes' vote weight as the poll progresses after a vote has already been cast. This has some very bad ramifications technically in terms of poll validation and also caching of already cast votes. A lot of work has been done to cache already cast votes to improve GUI performance, and this would go out the window if we have to continually update the active vote weight substitute for money supply as the poll progresses. Also note that the GetActiveVoteWeight method has the same 567/100 ratio hardcoded there, and this will need to be removed and replaced with an appropriate reference to blockchain consensus structure. |
Abstract
Gridcoin ($GRC) has reached several key development milestones, laying a solid foundation in the blockchain space. However, recent years have seen a decline in both $GRC's market capitalization and trading volume, highlighting concerns about community engagement and the utility of the network. This proposal seeks to revitalize the Gridcoin community and ecosystem by introducing a series of changes aimed at promoting increased participation and collaboration.
Motivation
Gridcoin has successfully accomplished numerous significant milestones, including:
However, despite these achievements, $GRC has faced a notable decline in market cap and trading volume over the past few years, particularly in contrast to other cryptocurrencies that have seen significant growth during this period.
This proposal seeks to address these challenges by significantly increasing GRC emissions, aiming to enhance community engagement, attract new users, and generate renewed interest in the Gridcoin ecosystem. By fostering a collaborative environment, we can strengthen the network and encourage broader participation.
Rational
Primary issues
Despite significant improvements to Gridcoin, including the achievement of key roadmap milestones, the market cap has not reversed its multi-year downtrend. At the time of writing this proposal, $GRC has a market cap of approximately $1.4M and a price of $0.003, a decrease of 98.6% from its peak of $0.2142 on January 9, 2018 (source)
The Gridcoin Research blockchain rewards a considerably larger number of users than the Gridcoin Classic blockchain ever did, with no team requirements, non-BOINC support, and a provably fair distribution of rewards among multiple projects. However, despite these improvements, the price trend has continued to decline.
Additionally, Gridcoin is currently listed on only a few small exchanges and has been delisted from several major exchanges in previous years. This limited accessibility hampers the ability to trade and engage with $GRC effectively.
Furthermore, Gridcoin faces challenges in external service support, making it difficult to spend $GRC directly on goods and services. Compounding these issues, CoinMarketCap no longer displays price charts for Gridcoin, further impacting visibility and engagement.
Primary identified root cause - The lackluster emissions schedule
Gridcoin's declining emissions schedule has not produced the desired positive impact on the value of $GRC. The decision to reduce emissions aimed to create a more sustainable ecosystem, yet it has not led to the anticipated outcomes. This indicates a need to adjust our approach for the future.
The classic client emitted between 5-150 $GRCX per block, considering the conversion from $GRCX to $GRC was 10x, that means blocks were rewarded between 50-1500 $GRC each.
Initially the classic client proposed to halve block rewards every 4 years, like bitcoin/litecoin, however this was significantly accelerated by the move to gridcoin research.
Prior to Gridcoin's implementation of the BOINC magnitude system (which ensures even distribution of rewards among projects) rewards were distributed unevenly and could be unfairly influenced by external factors. As a result, the earliest distributed coins were less fairly distributed among a smaller group of users than. In contrast, the modern Gridcoin client provides a provably fair rewards distribution for thousands of users across many projects.
Here's the initial (non-PoB) classic block calculation: (source)
Code highlighting that initial classic distro was based on device cpu/ram utilization (manipulatable), not project magnitude: (source)
Code highlighting that initial classic PoB didn't divide rewards between projects, note
RAC/NetworkRac
: (source)We can condense the above into the following table, using the 10x conversion rate:
OK, It feels a bit unrealistic to estimate 1500x576 for every block from the code as not every block aught to have maxed out rewards, but still it highlights a major upper end of rewards which is missing from the research blockchain rewards schedule.
So, Let's compare the total coin supply from launch -> conversion -> now, perhaps that'll be a fairer comparison:
OK, so perhaps it was in fact appropriate to estimate that every classic block was rewarded the maximum then..
The daily average emissions during the classic client were approximately 946,000 $GRC, while the current average has decreased to around 42,000 $GRC (with a target of 37,600). This represents a significant reduction of approximately 99.96% in reward emissions, which raises questions about the adequacy of the current distribution
If the original emissions schedule had been maintained, we would have already experienced two halvings, with the next occurring in two years. This would have resulted in an average of approximately 236,500 $GRC per day, still about 563% higher than the current average daily emissions.
This would roughly look like the following: (source)
When comparing the current supply of 494,969,675 $GRC to the originally proposed classic emissions estimate of 2,197,842,061 $GRC at this point, it is clear that only about 22% of the intended emissions have been realized. This results in approximately 1.7 billion fewer $GRC being in circulation than the classic emission schedule anticipated.
OK, so let's visualize the original classic emissions schedule and where we'd somewhat be now if we'd stuck with it:
The inflation chart highlights some challenges associated with Gridcoin Classic. While starting from zero can exaggerate the initial APR, it is noteworthy that we were initially on track for a 100% APR at the time of conversion to $GRC. However this rate was decreased significantly to 9%, followed by a further decline to 1.5% within the next year after migrating from the classic to research blockchains. (source)
Following the implementation of the Constant Block Reward system, the emissions of $GRC increased from the previously hardcoded rate of 1.5% to approximately 4.5%.
Based on these estimates, both the Research and Classic blockchains would have been roughly experiencing the same inflation rate at this point, with an additional 1.5 billion $GRC distributed by now had the original emissions schedule been maintained.
The charts above illustrate:
US source, EU source
The charts above indicate the following:
UK Source, EU Source
Another issue highlighted in the charts is the substantial increase in electricity costs, contributing to the ongoing cost of living crisis in both the UK and the EU. Gridcoin has yet to adjust its emissions schedule to reflect the global rise in electricity prices, which have not returned to pre-'energy-crisis' levels (source).
For context, during the period from 2014 to 2017, I operated a 6kWh BOINC cluster at a monthly cost of £600. By the peak winter of 2022, this cost would have risen to approximately £6000 per month.
While some participants use solar power at little or no cost, many are still affected by rising electricity prices, which are part of a broader cost of living crisis in the UK and EU. Inflation rates have recently outpaced those related to Gridcoin, decreasing disposable income and potentially impacting user engagement with the Gridcoin ecosystem.
Thus, even if electricity costs are not a concern for all, they are a critical factor influencing participation and BOINC computations within the network. Recognizing these economic pressures is essential for understanding current trends and addressing community needs. By considering these real-world factors, we can foster a more supportive environment that encourages participation and strengthens the Gridcoin protocol, ensuring we remain responsive to the evolving landscape.
In conclusion
Given all the issues above, I propose that the current reward emissions should be significantly increased for both block producers and BOINC crunchers over the coming years.
Secondary identified issue - Unbalanced ratios for rewards & voting
Currently, the staking block rewards are fixed at 9,600 GRC/day, while the BOINC rewards are approximately 28,000 GRC/day. This creates a distribution where staking receives 25.5% of the total rewards, and BOINC is rewarded with 74.4% (not accounting for MCR fees).
Where as for voting, the total coin supply is assigned 82.36% vote weight, and total network magnitude is assigned 17.64%.
Each mode's ratio balance is vastly different, for voting concerns balance is held to high degree however when it comes to rewards we overwhelmingly favour BOINC computation, I feel that only assigning 17.64% of the 'total money supply' to 'total network magnitude' is an insufficient vote weight and that it should be increased.
The decisions to assign these rewards was based on a blockchain poll, and the greater vote weight was assigned to total coin supply as it represents a greater amount of validated historical computation compared to total magnitude which represents the latest 30 days moving average credit for each project you're crunching.
For the poll voting weight, the formula used is:
The voting weight formula references the full money supply, including coins stored in dead addresses and exchange cold storage. This introduces a hidden vote-boosting factor that will continue to grow with the total supply of GRC.
The 5.67 value is
100/17.64
, so it too is in scope to be changed by this proposal.Tertiary issue - Establishing blockchain consensus
The decision to implement a reduced emissions schedule for 'Gridcoin Research' was initially made through a series of forum polls, as on-chain voting functionality was not yet available. With the forum now closed, we have transitioned to conducting polls directly on the Gridcoin blockchain, considering both user balances and their significance in the voting process. (source)
While some may argue that the current emissions schedule lacks robust blockchain consensus, it reflects the rules agreed upon by the community to establish consensus for each block. Given the evolving landscape of our network, now is the right time to reevaluate our approach to consensus on block rewards. This reflection will ensure that our governance mechanisms remain relevant and effective in addressing the needs of the community moving forward.
Specifications
Proposed Voting Weight Adjustment
To address the voting calculation, I propose the following amended vote weight calculation, replacing the 5.67 variable with the following well known formula:
The Golden Ratio, approximately 1.618, is a timeless symbol of harmony and balance found in nature, art, and architecture. Its presence signifies the pursuit of beauty and equilibrium, making it a fitting choice for our voting calculation. By incorporating this culturally rich number, we not only honor the mathematical elegance it represents but also align our community with the ideals of growth and fairness. This move reflects our commitment to creating a balanced ecosystem within Gridcoin.
Proposed new vote weight formula
To improve the accuracy of our voting calculations, the proposed formula removes dead and cold coins by replacing the total money supply with the active vote weight. The new vote weight formula is as follows:
In this formula, the previous value of 5.67 has been substituted with the Golden Ratio of 1.618, promoting a more equitable distribution of vote weight within the Gridcoin ecosystem.
Explanation of Active Vote Weight Calculation (source)
The function starts by retrieving the poll's starting block; if not found, it returns no result. It then gets the ending block, using the current head of the blockchain if the poll is still active.
To calculate the active vote weight, the function scans the blockchain from start to end of the poll. It updates network and pool magnitudes when encountering a superblock, using these values to tally the active vote weight efficiently in a loop.
After scanning, it calculates the average active vote weight. If valid and within limits, it returns this weight; otherwise, it returns no result. The function also references the last superblock before the poll to ensure the weight reflects the most recent network state.
Impact of the proposed formula
Reward Distribution Adjustment
Considering the golden ratio works for resitributing vote weight, let's consider also applying it to the rewards distribution mechansim:
The +12.67% increase in block rewards enhances the total active staking supply, representing a moderate boost while preserving the inverted order of reward distribution. This approach assigns a larger share of the daily coin emissions to reward BOINC computations in accordance with the golden ratio.
With the rebalance in place, the next step would be then applying a multiplier to significantly boost the rewards emissions.
Currently, the default constant block reward (CBR) is set at 10 GRC, with a maximum allowable cap of 20 GRC, representing a 200% increase. To facilitate this change, a mandatory upgrade to the blockchain protocol will be required to raise the maximum CBR reward. (source)
Despite the increase in the maximum reward, the CBR mechanism will remain in effect, as it has significantly improved network difficulty and contributed to a more robust ecosystem. This ensures that the benefits of the CBR system continue while accommodating the new emission dynamics.
Core code in scope for change
MAG_UNIT_NUMERATOR
for staking base accrual calculation (source 1, source 2)Required blockchain polls
Approve use of golden ratio for vote weight and rewards distribution ratio
A poll to request approval to switch from 5.67 to the golden ratio ((1 + √5) / 2 = 1.618) for vote weight and rewards distribution
Yes
No
Abstain
Approve changing the vote weight calculation
A poll to request approval to switch from total coin supply to active coin supply when determining magnitude vote weight.
Yes
No
Abstain
Multiplier Selection
A poll to determine the size of the multiplier to apply to daily emissions
Discussion
Why Gridcoin classic was neither an instantmine nor premine
Gridcoin Classic's launch was marked by a commitment to fairness and decentralization, distinguishing it from both pre-mined and instant-mined blockchains.
A pre-mine involves the creation of a significant number of coins in a single address before the blockchain becomes public, a practice not observed in Gridcoin Classic. Similarly, an instant mine occurs when 99.99% of coins are mined within the first few public blocks, which also did not happen here.
In the first year of Gridcoin Classic, a total of 340,569,880 GRC were created. In contrast, the subsequent decade of Gridcoin Research only saw the generation of 154,438,065 GRC, averaging approximately 15,443,806 GRC per year. This translates to nearly a 95% reduction in rewards after the initial year. While this dramatic decrease in emissions did not fall under the categories of pre-mining or instant mining, it inadvertently placed new users at a disadvantage by significantly lowering the incentive structure.
The decision to substantially cut emissions was made with the intention of enhancing fairness and decentralization in the reward system. However, this drastic reduction may have unintentionally raised questions about alignment with regulatory considerations. Such a sharp decline in emissions, particularly over a short period, could be perceived as limiting for both new users and dedicated long-term stakeholders.
Now, as an effort to recalibrate the emissions trajectory is proposed, this adjustment acknowledges that earlier choices may have overlooked the importance of sustaining growth and community engagement. This initiative seeks to address past missteps and to reinstate a more balanced and inclusive ecosystem. By promoting an environment that encourages active participation and rewards, it aims to turn the page toward a more promising future for Gridcoin.
Stakeholders are encouraged to engage in this transformative process, contributing to a revitalized Gridcoin that honors its history while forging ahead toward sustainable growth.
Why have exchanges delisted Gridcoin?
Gridcoin was once listed on several major cryptocurrency exchanges, such as Poloniex and Bittrex. Despite both supporting Gridcoin's transition from Classic to Research, they ultimately chose to delist Gridcoin.
The problem lies with how Gridcoin users historically have tended to hold their coins long term, staking and not trading them on exchanges, this lack of supply lead to lower earning for exchanges and eventually delisting. The CBR proposal aimed to encourage more GRC to be kept online, thereby increasing the network weight of the Gridcoin blockchain. However, it did not fully communicate the potential implications for trading activity on supported exchanges.
Before the substantial decrease in Gridcoin emissions, there was sufficient trading volume to justify listings on these platforms. Years later, despite numerous advancements in Gridcoin's blockchain technology and achievements, these exchanges have yet to relist the coin.
By increasing the amount of Gridcoin being circulated, there is potential to encourage more users to engage with their holdings actively. This could lead to a shift away from the long-term holding trend, allowing for a broader use of Gridcoin in transactions, rather than being reserved solely for future use.
Gridcoin is older than Dogecoin - let's compare the two...
While both cryptocurrencies have demonstrated resilience, their approaches to consensus and reward structures highlight key differences that may inform future strategies for Gridcoin.
Consensus Mechanism:
Gridcoin's Proof of Stake (PoS) mechanism stands in stark contrast to Dogecoin's Proof of Work (PoW). PoW relies on energy-intensive mining operations, whereas PoS promotes sustainability by rewarding participants for holding their coins. A recently released roadmap for dogecoin indicates interest in transitioning to a PoS model, yet it has faced delays far in excess of the time it took for Gridcoin to transition from POW to POS.
Reward Structure:
Dogecoin's significantly higher daily rewards encourage circulation and trading among users, contributing to its robust market presence. In contrast, Gridcoin's current structure limits incentives for users to trade, as they may choose to stake rather than exchange their coins. Increasing daily emissions could attract new participants, enhance liquidity, and stimulate market activity.
Community Engagement and Branding:
Dogecoin's meteoric rise is often credited to its meme-driven culture and strong community engagement. While Gridcoin’s story is grounded more in its scientific purpose, it has the potential to spark a new cultural moment of its own. The idea of ushering in a "Golden Age" speaks not only to a fresh era of participation and growth, but also taps into the profound mathematical and cultural resonance of the golden ratio, or divine proportion. This ratio has captivated minds across history—from ancient architecture to nature’s most perfect forms—symbolizing balance, beauty, and harmony.
By aligning Gridcoin’s reward distribution with this timeless principle, we can evoke a sense of deeper meaning and significance within the community. It represents more than just numbers—it’s a call to embrace a balanced, sustainable, and prosperous future. Effectively marketing this narrative could revitalize Gridcoin’s cultural identity, offering something with broader emotional and intellectual appeal. In this way, Gridcoin can create its own unique engagement, echoing the success of Dogecoin’s community-building, but with a more elevated, purposeful message that resonates on multiple levels.
Market Dynamics:
The disparity in market capitalization between Dogecoin and Gridcoin highlights the opportunities for growth in Gridcoin. By adopting a more flexible emissions schedule, Gridcoin could better align with market trends that emphasize accessibility and widespread participation. Dogecoin's success illustrates how a non-scarcity model can foster user engagement and resilience.
In conclusion, Gridcoin can enhance its ecosystem by considering practices similar to those of Dogecoin. By adjusting its emissions strategy, Gridcoin could encourage greater community involvement and trading activity, ultimately supporting a more vibrant and adaptive ecosystem. This approach not only honors the original vision of Gridcoin but also positions it to thrive in the evolving cryptocurrency landscape.
Summary for stakeholders
Existing Gridcoin Users
This proposal aims to significantly increase the daily Gridcoin emissions, benefiting both Proof of Stake (PoS) and BOINC (Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing) rewards.
Mandatory Upgrade: A mandatory client upgrade would be required due to the current maximum constant block reward (CBR) being capped at 200% of the default value of 10 GRC (i.e., a maximum of 20 GRC).
Blockchain-Based Voting: The community will participate in a blockchain-based vote to trigger the "Gridcoin Golden Age" and determine the multiplier for the reward increase.
User Action: No immediate action is required other than participating in the voting process. If the proposal passes, upgrading your client will be necessary.
Blockchain Resilience: The Gridcoin blockchain is designed for longevity, thanks to its low energy consumption and decentralized structure. This resilience provides Gridcoin the potential to outlast services that may fail, such as those run by bad actors in the crypto space (e.g., FTX).
Potential Market Impact: If you're actively trading GRC on exchanges, it may be worthwhile to reconsider your trading strategies once this proposal is implemented. Increased emissions could lead to heightened liquidity and more frequent trades.
New Gridcoin Users
The proposed changes will make it easier for new participants to earn a greater share of the total Gridcoin supply through staking and BOINC work than has been possible in recent years.
Incentives: The declaration of the "Gridcoin Golden Age" signals a shift toward more accessible opportunities for users to participate in securing the network and contributing to scientific research.
Sustainability of Changes: While blockchain updates like this are rare, they reflect the long-term vision for a more sustainable network. If emissions need to be adjusted downward in the future, this would be done smoothly through a network-admin message rather than another mandatory upgrade.
Exchanges & Services
This proposal will be open to discussion and may involve multiple rounds of blockchain polling before a final plan is implemented.
See Also
The Gridcoin Research marketcap chart since creation:
The Team Gridcoin Total RAC (not including non team members):
More info on golden ages:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_age_(metaphor)
https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Golden_Age_(Civ5)
More info on the golden ratio: φ
https://www.adobe.com/uk/creativecloud/design/discover/golden-ratio.html
https://www.canva.com/learn/what-is-the-golden-ratio/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio
https://mathworld.wolfram.com/GoldenRatio.html
Source of classic to research conversion rate:
https://gridcoin.us/wiki/gridcoin-classic.html
Github links relating to vote weight balancing:
#220
gridcoin-community/Gridcoin-Research#87
gridcoin-community/Gridcoin-Research#1809
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