[Core] Enable --resource-type and --exclude-resource-type CLI flags and environment variables for dbt test

[FishtownBuildBot]

At a minimum, update body to include a link to the page on docs.getdbt.com requiring updates and what part(s) of the page you would like to see updated.
Originating from this issue: dbt-labs/dbt-core#10656

Pull request: dbt-labs/dbt-core#10706

Documentation to update

At minimum (there may be other relevant pages):

• https://docs.getdbt.com/reference/global-configs/resource-type

Purpose

Be able to choose which test resources are included when executing the dbt test subcommand.

For example, be able to exclude unit tests. Or only run unit tests.

Code examples

dbt test now enables passing values like unit_tests, tests, etc. in the --resource-type / --exclude-resource-type CLI flags (or in the environment variables DBT_RESOURCE_TYPES / DBT_EXCLUDE_RESOURCE_TYPES).

Example 1 - CLI flags

dbt test --resource-type unit_test
dbt test --exclude-resource-type unit_test

Example 2 - environment variables

DBT_RESOURCE_TYPES=unit_test dbt test
DBT_EXCLUDE_RESOURCE_TYPES=unit_test dbt test

[nataliefiann]

https://dbt-labs.slack.com/archives/C044WU55X7Y/p1726837892653349?thread_ts=1726837767.731339&cid=C044WU55X7Y