diff --git a/client/tailscale/localclient.go b/client/tailscale/localclient.go
index fd582bb90ea61..4c8c25ef92f73 100644
--- a/client/tailscale/localclient.go
+++ b/client/tailscale/localclient.go
@@ -285,6 +285,10 @@ func decodeJSON[T any](b []byte) (ret T, err error) {
 // WhoIs returns the owner of the remoteAddr, which must be an IP or IP:port.
 //
 // If not found, the error is ErrPeerNotFound.
+//
+// For connections proxied by tailscaled, this looks up the owner of the given
+// address as TCP first, falling back to UDP; if you want to only check a
+// specific address family, use WhoIsProto.
 func (lc *LocalClient) WhoIs(ctx context.Context, remoteAddr string) (*apitype.WhoIsResponse, error) {
 	body, err := lc.get200(ctx, "/localapi/v0/whois?addr="+url.QueryEscape(remoteAddr))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -313,6 +317,21 @@ func (lc *LocalClient) WhoIsNodeKey(ctx context.Context, key key.NodePublic) (*a
 	return decodeJSON[*apitype.WhoIsResponse](body)
 }
 
+// WhoIsProto returns the owner of the remoteAddr, which must be an IP or
+// IP:port, for the given protocol (tcp or udp).
+//
+// If not found, the error is ErrPeerNotFound.
+func (lc *LocalClient) WhoIsProto(ctx context.Context, proto, remoteAddr string) (*apitype.WhoIsResponse, error) {
+	body, err := lc.get200(ctx, "/localapi/v0/whois?proto="+url.QueryEscape(proto)+"&addr="+url.QueryEscape(remoteAddr))
+	if err != nil {
+		if hs, ok := err.(httpStatusError); ok && hs.HTTPStatus == http.StatusNotFound {
+			return nil, ErrPeerNotFound
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return decodeJSON[*apitype.WhoIsResponse](body)
+}
+
 // Goroutines returns a dump of the Tailscale daemon's current goroutines.
 func (lc *LocalClient) Goroutines(ctx context.Context) ([]byte, error) {
 	return lc.get200(ctx, "/localapi/v0/goroutines")
diff --git a/cmd/tailscale/cli/whois.go b/cmd/tailscale/cli/whois.go
index 2d9da6d0722b2..44ff68dec8777 100644
--- a/cmd/tailscale/cli/whois.go
+++ b/cmd/tailscale/cli/whois.go
@@ -26,12 +26,14 @@ var whoisCmd = &ffcli.Command{
 	FlagSet: func() *flag.FlagSet {
 		fs := newFlagSet("whois")
 		fs.BoolVar(&whoIsArgs.json, "json", false, "output in JSON format")
+		fs.StringVar(&whoIsArgs.proto, "proto", "", `protocol; one of "tcp" or "udp"; empty mans both `)
 		return fs
 	}(),
 }
 
 var whoIsArgs struct {
-	json bool // output in JSON format
+	json  bool   // output in JSON format
+	proto string // "tcp" or "udp"
 }
 
 func runWhoIs(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ func runWhoIs(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 	} else if len(args) == 0 {
 		return errors.New("missing argument, expected one peer")
 	}
-	who, err := localClient.WhoIs(ctx, args[0])
+	who, err := localClient.WhoIsProto(ctx, whoIsArgs.proto, args[0])
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/ipn/ipnlocal/local.go b/ipn/ipnlocal/local.go
index bfb71f0b22210..980b6c4214e6c 100644
--- a/ipn/ipnlocal/local.go
+++ b/ipn/ipnlocal/local.go
@@ -995,8 +995,15 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) WhoIsNodeKey(k key.NodePublic) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tai
 
 // WhoIs reports the node and user who owns the node with the given IP:port.
 // If the IP address is a Tailscale IP, the provided port may be 0.
+//
+// The 'proto' is used when looking up the IP:port in our proxy mapper; it
+// tracks which local IP:ports correspond to connections proxied by tailscaled,
+// and since tailscaled proxies both TCP and UDP, the 'proto' is needed to look
+// up the correct IP:port based on the connection's protocol. If not provided,
+// the lookup will be done for TCP and then UDP, in that order.
+//
 // If ok == true, n and u are valid.
-func (b *LocalBackend) WhoIs(ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool) {
+func (b *LocalBackend) WhoIs(proto string, ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool) {
 	var zero tailcfg.NodeView
 	b.mu.Lock()
 	defer b.mu.Unlock()
@@ -1005,7 +1012,20 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) WhoIs(ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.
 	if !ok {
 		var ip netip.Addr
 		if ipp.Port() != 0 {
-			ip, ok = b.sys.ProxyMapper().WhoIsIPPort(ipp)
+			var protos []string
+			if proto != "" {
+				protos = []string{proto}
+			} else {
+				// If the user didn't specify a protocol, try all of them
+				protos = []string{"tcp", "udp"}
+			}
+
+			for _, tryproto := range protos {
+				ip, ok = b.sys.ProxyMapper().WhoIsIPPort(tryproto, ipp)
+				if ok {
+					break
+				}
+			}
 		}
 		if !ok {
 			return zero, u, false
@@ -5044,7 +5064,7 @@ func (dt *driveTransport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (resp *http.Response, err
 		dt.b.mu.Lock()
 		selfNodeKey := dt.b.netMap.SelfNode.Key().ShortString()
 		dt.b.mu.Unlock()
-		n, _, ok := dt.b.WhoIs(netip.MustParseAddrPort(req.URL.Host))
+		n, _, ok := dt.b.WhoIs("tcp", netip.MustParseAddrPort(req.URL.Host))
 		shareNodeKey := "unknown"
 		if ok {
 			shareNodeKey = string(n.Key().ShortString())
diff --git a/ipn/ipnlocal/local_test.go b/ipn/ipnlocal/local_test.go
index fda36efe12da5..a42162e6d6ae0 100644
--- a/ipn/ipnlocal/local_test.go
+++ b/ipn/ipnlocal/local_test.go
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ func TestWhoIs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.q, func(t *testing.T) {
-			nv, up, ok := b.WhoIs(netip.MustParseAddrPort(tt.q))
+			nv, up, ok := b.WhoIs("", netip.MustParseAddrPort(tt.q))
 			var got tailcfg.NodeID
 			if ok {
 				got = nv.ID()
diff --git a/ipn/ipnlocal/peerapi.go b/ipn/ipnlocal/peerapi.go
index e4d0d8ac62979..aa18c35886648 100644
--- a/ipn/ipnlocal/peerapi.go
+++ b/ipn/ipnlocal/peerapi.go
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ func (pln *peerAPIListener) serve() {
 
 func (pln *peerAPIListener) ServeConn(src netip.AddrPort, c net.Conn) {
 	logf := pln.lb.logf
-	peerNode, peerUser, ok := pln.lb.WhoIs(src)
+	peerNode, peerUser, ok := pln.lb.WhoIs("tcp", src)
 	if !ok {
 		logf("peerapi: unknown peer %v", src)
 		c.Close()
diff --git a/ipn/ipnlocal/serve.go b/ipn/ipnlocal/serve.go
index d7ba1f24cc0d5..83415fefbe324 100644
--- a/ipn/ipnlocal/serve.go
+++ b/ipn/ipnlocal/serve.go
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) addTailscaleIdentityHeaders(r *httputil.ProxyRequest) {
 	if !ok {
 		return
 	}
-	node, user, ok := b.WhoIs(c.SrcAddr)
+	node, user, ok := b.WhoIs("tcp", c.SrcAddr)
 	if !ok {
 		return // traffic from outside of Tailnet (funneled)
 	}
diff --git a/ipn/localapi/localapi.go b/ipn/localapi/localapi.go
index d303a12bacb26..565bb7b4e439a 100644
--- a/ipn/localapi/localapi.go
+++ b/ipn/localapi/localapi.go
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ func (h *Handler) serveWhoIs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 // localBackendWhoIsMethods is the subset of ipn.LocalBackend as needed
 // by the localapi WhoIs method.
 type localBackendWhoIsMethods interface {
-	WhoIs(netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool)
+	WhoIs(string, netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool)
 	WhoIsNodeKey(key.NodePublic) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool)
 	PeerCaps(netip.Addr) tailcfg.PeerCapMap
 }
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ func (h *Handler) serveWhoIsWithBackend(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request,
 			}
 		}
 		if ipp.IsValid() {
-			n, u, ok = b.WhoIs(ipp)
+			n, u, ok = b.WhoIs(r.FormValue("proto"), ipp)
 		}
 	} else {
 		http.Error(w, "missing 'addr' parameter", http.StatusBadRequest)
diff --git a/ipn/localapi/localapi_test.go b/ipn/localapi/localapi_test.go
index 863a4d0875a20..095ec5e56241d 100644
--- a/ipn/localapi/localapi_test.go
+++ b/ipn/localapi/localapi_test.go
@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ func TestSetPushDeviceToken(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 type whoIsBackend struct {
-	whoIs        func(ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool)
+	whoIs        func(proto string, ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool)
 	whoIsNodeKey func(key.NodePublic) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool)
 	peerCaps     map[netip.Addr]tailcfg.PeerCapMap
 }
 
-func (b whoIsBackend) WhoIs(ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool) {
-	return b.whoIs(ipp)
+func (b whoIsBackend) WhoIs(proto string, ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool) {
+	return b.whoIs(proto, ipp)
 }
 
 func (b whoIsBackend) WhoIsNodeKey(k key.NodePublic) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool) {
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func TestWhoIsArgTypes(t *testing.T) {
 		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 		t.Run(input, func(t *testing.T) {
 			b := whoIsBackend{
-				whoIs: func(ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool) {
+				whoIs: func(proto string, ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool) {
 					if !strings.Contains(input, ":") {
 						want := netip.MustParseAddrPort("100.101.102.103:0")
 						if ipp != want {
diff --git a/proxymap/proxymap.go b/proxymap/proxymap.go
index a1c1bb898f5e8..5df93d61c3c7f 100644
--- a/proxymap/proxymap.go
+++ b/proxymap/proxymap.go
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
-
-	"tailscale.com/util/mak"
 )
 
 // Mapper tracks which localhost ip:ports correspond to which remote Tailscale
@@ -21,26 +19,39 @@ import (
 // given localhost:port corresponds to.
 type Mapper struct {
 	mu sync.Mutex
-	m  map[netip.AddrPort]netip.Addr
+	m  map[string]map[netip.AddrPort]netip.Addr // proto ("tcp", "udp") => ephemeral => tailscale IP
 }
 
 // RegisterIPPortIdentity registers a given node (identified by its
 // Tailscale IP) as temporarily having the given IP:port for whois lookups.
+//
 // The IP:port is generally a localhost IP and an ephemeral port, used
 // while proxying connections to localhost when tailscaled is running
 // in netstack mode.
-func (m *Mapper) RegisterIPPortIdentity(ipport netip.AddrPort, tsIP netip.Addr) {
+//
+// The proto is the network protocol that is being proxied; it must be "tcp" or
+// "udp" (not e.g. "tcp4", "udp6", etc.)
+func (m *Mapper) RegisterIPPortIdentity(proto string, ipport netip.AddrPort, tsIP netip.Addr) {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
-	mak.Set(&m.m, ipport, tsIP)
+	if m.m == nil {
+		m.m = make(map[string]map[netip.AddrPort]netip.Addr)
+	}
+	p, ok := m.m[proto]
+	if !ok {
+		p = make(map[netip.AddrPort]netip.Addr)
+		m.m[proto] = p
+	}
+	p[ipport] = tsIP
 }
 
 // UnregisterIPPortIdentity removes a temporary IP:port registration
 // made previously by RegisterIPPortIdentity.
-func (m *Mapper) UnregisterIPPortIdentity(ipport netip.AddrPort) {
+func (m *Mapper) UnregisterIPPortIdentity(proto string, ipport netip.AddrPort) {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
-	delete(m.m, ipport)
+	p := m.m[proto]
+	delete(p, ipport) // safe to delete from a nil map
 }
 
 var whoIsSleeps = [...]time.Duration{
@@ -53,7 +64,7 @@ var whoIsSleeps = [...]time.Duration{
 
 // WhoIsIPPort looks up an IP:port in the temporary registrations,
 // and returns a matching Tailscale IP, if it exists.
-func (m *Mapper) WhoIsIPPort(ipport netip.AddrPort) (tsIP netip.Addr, ok bool) {
+func (m *Mapper) WhoIsIPPort(proto string, ipport netip.AddrPort) (tsIP netip.Addr, ok bool) {
 	// We currently have a registration race,
 	// https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/1616,
 	// so loop a few times for now waiting for the registration
@@ -62,7 +73,10 @@ func (m *Mapper) WhoIsIPPort(ipport netip.AddrPort) (tsIP netip.Addr, ok bool) {
 	for _, d := range whoIsSleeps {
 		time.Sleep(d)
 		m.mu.Lock()
-		tsIP, ok = m.m[ipport]
+		p, ok := m.m[proto]
+		if ok {
+			tsIP, ok = p[ipport]
+		}
 		m.mu.Unlock()
 		if ok {
 			return tsIP, true
diff --git a/ssh/tailssh/tailssh.go b/ssh/tailssh/tailssh.go
index 2bfb645f38161..49dd71916d573 100644
--- a/ssh/tailssh/tailssh.go
+++ b/ssh/tailssh/tailssh.go
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ type ipnLocalBackend interface {
 	GetSSH_HostKeys() ([]gossh.Signer, error)
 	ShouldRunSSH() bool
 	NetMap() *netmap.NetworkMap
-	WhoIs(ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool)
+	WhoIs(proto string, ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool)
 	DoNoiseRequest(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
 	Dialer() *tsdial.Dialer
 	TailscaleVarRoot() string
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ func (c *conn) setInfo(ctx ssh.Context) error {
 	if !tsaddr.IsTailscaleIP(ci.src.Addr()) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("tailssh: rejecting non-Tailscale remote address %v", ci.src)
 	}
-	node, uprof, ok := c.srv.lb.WhoIs(ci.src)
+	node, uprof, ok := c.srv.lb.WhoIs("tcp", ci.src)
 	if !ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unknown Tailscale identity from src %v", ci.src)
 	}
diff --git a/ssh/tailssh/tailssh_test.go b/ssh/tailssh/tailssh_test.go
index d9bae13a70649..3f63554e51ed4 100644
--- a/ssh/tailssh/tailssh_test.go
+++ b/ssh/tailssh/tailssh_test.go
@@ -281,7 +281,11 @@ func (ts *localState) NetMap() *netmap.NetworkMap {
 	}
 }
 
-func (ts *localState) WhoIs(ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool) {
+func (ts *localState) WhoIs(proto string, ipp netip.AddrPort) (n tailcfg.NodeView, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool) {
+	if proto != "tcp" {
+		return tailcfg.NodeView{}, tailcfg.UserProfile{}, false
+	}
+
 	return (&tailcfg.Node{
 			ID:       2,
 			StableID: "peer-id",
diff --git a/wgengine/netstack/netstack.go b/wgengine/netstack/netstack.go
index 1bf0ee3dee690..4d08a20edc260 100644
--- a/wgengine/netstack/netstack.go
+++ b/wgengine/netstack/netstack.go
@@ -1328,8 +1328,8 @@ func (ns *Impl) forwardTCP(getClient func(...tcpip.SettableSocketOption) *gonet.
 
 	backendLocalAddr := server.LocalAddr().(*net.TCPAddr)
 	backendLocalIPPort := netaddr.Unmap(backendLocalAddr.AddrPort())
-	ns.pm.RegisterIPPortIdentity(backendLocalIPPort, clientRemoteIP)
-	defer ns.pm.UnregisterIPPortIdentity(backendLocalIPPort)
+	ns.pm.RegisterIPPortIdentity("tcp", backendLocalIPPort, clientRemoteIP)
+	defer ns.pm.UnregisterIPPortIdentity("tcp", backendLocalIPPort)
 	connClosed := make(chan error, 2)
 	go func() {
 		_, err := io.Copy(server, client)
@@ -1533,7 +1533,7 @@ func (ns *Impl) forwardUDP(client *gonet.UDPConn, clientAddr, dstAddr netip.Addr
 		ns.logf("could not get backend local IP:port from %v:%v", backendLocalAddr.IP, backendLocalAddr.Port)
 	}
 	if isLocal {
-		ns.pm.RegisterIPPortIdentity(backendLocalIPPort, dstAddr.Addr())
+		ns.pm.RegisterIPPortIdentity("udp", backendLocalIPPort, clientAddr.Addr())
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 
@@ -1549,7 +1549,7 @@ func (ns *Impl) forwardUDP(client *gonet.UDPConn, clientAddr, dstAddr netip.Addr
 	}
 	timer := time.AfterFunc(idleTimeout, func() {
 		if isLocal {
-			ns.pm.UnregisterIPPortIdentity(backendLocalIPPort)
+			ns.pm.UnregisterIPPortIdentity("udp", backendLocalIPPort)
 		}
 		ns.logf("netstack: UDP session between %s and %s timed out", backendListenAddr, backendRemoteAddr)
 		cancel()